Growth hormone enhances regeneration of cavernous nerves after their transplantation in rats]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) on penile erection after reconstruction of cavernous nerves using sural nerve as an interposition nerve graft in rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (3-4 ms of age and 300-400 g in weight) were randomly divided into 2 groups: nerve graft group and GH group, each electrostimulated to determine the erectile potency 2 and 4 months after nerve graft (followed by hypodermic GH injection). The nNOS-positive nerve fibers in the corpora cavemosa were examined by streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry technique (SP method). Image analysis was used to calculate the area stained in pixel. RESULTS: Electrostimulation at 2 months produced 31.25% of erections in the GH group but none in the grafted rats. There was a significant difference in the erection rate produced by electrostimulation between the two groups at 2 months (P < 0.05). The pixel of the expression of nNOS-positive nerve fibers in the GH group (38971 +/- 7692) was also greater than that of the graft group (16538 +/- 3179, P < 0.05). At 4 months, 43.75% of the graft group and 75% of the GH group produced erections upon electrostimulation, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The pixels of the expression of nNOS-positive nerve fibers were 79276 +/- 12,021 and 91348 +/- 18965, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: GH can accelerate the regeneration of cavernous nerves after bilateral nerve grafting, and GH administration may present a new physiological approach to the treatment of erectile dysfunction after radical pelvic surgery.     

嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌临床株的多重耐药外排泵的研究

目的　研究嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌临床株外排泵SmeDEF的表达与耐药的关系及其表达调控。方法　琼脂稀释法检测嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对抗生素敏感性并检测泵抑制剂的作用 ,提取临床菌的RNA进行smeD的RT PCR扩增。提取DNA进行smeT片段的PCR扩增 ,扩增产物进行序列分析。结果　随机选取的 6株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌均有扩增产物。SmeT的N端氨基酸序列相当保守 ,smeD smeT间区测序发现耐药且泵抑制阳性株基因序列与敏感株明显不同。推测与耐药有关的突变出现在smeT的 82～ 16 5区间。结论　嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌临床株SmeDEF外排泵的表达强弱与其耐药性有关。smeDEF基因的表达可能与调控基因间区的变化有关。     

大鼠脂肪干细胞复合胶原-壳聚糖-硫酸软骨素三维支架构建组织工程软骨

Objective To evaluate the character of the collagen-chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffold seeded with rat adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Methods A dipose tissue were harvested from 6 weeks old Wistar rats and the stromal cells were harvested by type Ⅰ collagenase and then cultured in vitro. Type Ⅰ collagen was fully mixed with chitosan, freeze-dried and cross-linked with chondroitin sulfate, then freeze-dried again and sterilized by ethylene oxide. The pore diameter, water content, porosity of the scaffold were tested. The adipose tissue-derived stromal cells were digested, seeded into the plates, scaffold, and cen-trifuged into pellet, and then induced into cartilage. MTT detection for cell proliferation was done. After 3 weeks, the cell morphology, and cell proliferation and adhesion were observed, and chondrngenic differenti-ation was also analyzed. Results The pore diameter, water content, porosity tested for the scaffold showed an appropriate form. Cell proliferation showed faster in the scaffold and pellet culture system after 5 day, there was still cell proliferation in the scaffold system after 14 days but no obvious changes in the pellet cul-ture system; ceils on the scaffold proliferated densely showed by histological staining, but there was a scaf-fold structure residues in the inner layer. The finding of type Ⅱ immunohistochemistry stain showed that cells express strong positive for type Ⅱ collagen in the scaffold and pellet culture system whereas it was weakly positive in the plate culture system; the specific mRNA for cartilage, type Ⅱ collagen, aggrecan and SOX-9 were expressed in all three systems showed by RT-PCR, but type X collagen was expressed continu-ously in the plate culture system and expressed after 21 days in the pellet culture system, whereas it was not detected in the collagen-chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffold system. Conclusion The parameters of the collagen-chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffold were suitable in our study. The results suggested that it can promote the adipose tissue-derived stromal cells proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation better than the plate and pellet culture systems and maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes well; it is the optimal choice for cartilage tissue engineering in the future.     

老年患者不同靶浓度罗库溴铵肌松效应的比较

目的比较老年患者不同靶浓度罗库溴铵的肌松效应。方法择期全麻老年患者100例,ASAⅡ级,随机分为4组(n=25),A组、B组和C组麻醉诱导气管插管时效应室靶浓度(Ce)为3μg/ ml,术中维持Ce分别为0.6、0.8、1.0μg/ml;D组麻醉诱导气管插管时Ce为3.3μg/ml,术中维持Ce为0_8μg/ml。记录肌松起效时间、恢复时间和恢复指数。评价气管插管条件和术中肌松程度。记录手术及TCI时间、罗库溴铵总用药量和期间用药量[总用药量,(体重×TCI时间)]。结果4组均可顺利完成气管插管,D组起效时间较A组、B组和C组缩短(P<0.05);A组肌松满意率低,B组、C组和D组均可维持满意肌松,但C组罗库溴铵用量较多,术中肌松程度较大,术后恢复时间较长(P<0.05)。结论麻醉诱导气管插管时罗库溴铵Ce为3.3μg/ml、术中麻醉维持Ce为0.8μg/ml,可产生满意的肌松条件,且有利于术后肌松恢复,是一种适用于老年患者合理的TCI给药方案。     

治疗性高碳酸血症对大鼠移植肺细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨治疗性高碳酸血症对移植肺细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法26只Wistar大鼠,供体鼠和受体鼠各13只,肺移植成功后随机分为2组：对照组（n=6）和治疗组（n= 7）。对照组再灌注期间吸入50%N2-50%O2混合气体;治疗组再灌注期间吸入40%N2-60%O2- 100%CO2混合气体,调节吸入二氧化碳和氧气的流量,维持吸入氧浓度50%,动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）80～100 mm Hg。记录受体鼠机械通气15 min时平均动脉压（MAP）、PaCO2和动脉血氧分压（PaO2）作为基础值,再灌注期间每15分钟记录1次,直至实验结束。再灌注90 min时放血处死大鼠,采用考马斯亮蓝法测定支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）蛋白浓度;取左肺组织,计算湿/干重比;采用免疫组化法测定Bax、Bcl-2的表达;采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况。结果与基础值比较,再灌注期间对照组MAP和PaO2降低（P〈0.05）;与对照组比较,再灌注期间治疗组MAP、PaCO2和PaO2升高,BALF蛋白浓度、肺组织W/D、Bax表达和细胞凋亡指数降低（P〈0.05）,Bcl-2表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论治疗性高碳酸血症可抑制大鼠移植肺细胞凋亡,其机制与下调Bax蛋白表达有关。     

Medialization thyroplasty for cancer-related unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

OBJECTIVE: To justify the application of medialization thyroplasty in Chinese patients with symptomatic cancer-related unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective chart review from February 2000 to March 2006. RESULTS: Eighty-seven Chinese patients undergoing medialization thyroplasty for UVFP were included; there were no significant differences between the cancer-related and benign groups in terms of the speech and swallowing rehabilitation outcome and the perioperative complication rate (P > 0.05). The median survival time of cancer-related UVFP patients from the date of medialization to death was 129 days. Age more than 65 years was identified as the only factor for a shorter survival period after medialization (P = 0.040). CONCLUSION: Medialization thyroplasty restores satisfactory speech and swallowing and has a low perioperative complication rate in Chinese patients with cancer-related UVFP. Postmedialization survival period was also reasonable. SIGNIFICANCE: Medialization thyroplasty is a justifiable treatment option for cancer-related UVFP.     

Modic改变在腰腿痛病例中的分布及相关因素分析

目的探讨腰椎终板Modic改变在腰腿痛病例中的的临床分布特点，并探讨发生Modic改变的相关因素。方法选择2005年一年内因腰痛或坐骨神经痛行腰椎MR检查和常规X线检查的患者1223例，分析腰椎MRI中终板Modic改变在椎间盘节段、年龄和椎间盘退变分类中的分布特点及其相关因素。结果1223例6115个腰椎椎间盘中，257例（21．0％）320个椎间盘（5．2％）邻近终板发生M0dic改变，其中Ⅰ型48例（3．9％）51个椎间盘（0．8％），Ⅱ型206例（16．8％）266个椎间盘（4．3％）、Ⅲ型3例（0．2％）3个椎间盘（0．05％）。椎间盘节段L5S1 168个、L4-5 95个、L3-4 29个、L2-3 18个、L1-2 10个，发生率分别为13．7％、7．8％、2．4％、1．5％、0．8％。突出、脱出和滑脱病例发生率较高（辟0．00）。女性发生率高于男性（P=0．005）。40岁以上是Modic改变发生较多的年龄段（P=0．001）。椎间盘退变程度、椎间盘节段与年龄均和Modic改变具有显著相关性（P=0．000）。回归方程为Y=-5．955＋0．198A＋1．528L＋1．883D（Y为M0dic改变，A为年龄，L为椎间盘节段，D为椎间盘退变程度），P=0．000，EXP值：D=6．571，L=4．609，A=1．220。结论腰椎终板Modic改变和椎间盘退变、椎间盘节段和年龄之间存在相关关系，椎间盘退变是最重要的影响因素。Modic改变Ⅱ型最多，Ⅰ型次之，Ⅲ型最少；多发生于L4-5和L5S1椎间盘节段；女性高于男性；40岁以上是易发年龄。     

交锁髓内钉固定治疗肱骨干骨折术后并发症分析

目的 目前对于肱骨交锁髓内钉固定治疗肱骨干骨折的文献报告较多,但对其术后并发症的研究较少.对交锁髓内钉固定治疗肱骨干骨折的术后并发症进行分析研究.方法 2000年1月至2004年1月,对73例肱骨干骨折（1例为双侧）及16例肱骨骨不连的患者行肱骨交锁髓内钉固定术治疗,术后随访12～34个月,平均25.4个月.男56例,女33例,平均39.3岁.74侧肱骨干骨折中62侧为闭合性骨折,余12侧为开放性骨折,其中Gustilo Ⅰ型7侧,Ⅱ型3侧,Ⅲa型2侧.12例骨不连患者有手术史.骨折病例采用闭合复位髓内钉固定,骨不连病例采用切开复位髓内钉内固定及异体骨植入.53侧采用顺行髓内钉固定,37侧采用逆行髓内钉固定.结果 17例患者中出现了18例明显并发症,发生率为20%.其中骨不连5例,顺行与逆行髓内钉之间差异无统计学意义（P=0.33）;肩关节撞击征2例,骨折端分离3例,肩关节损伤3例,肘关节损伤3例,医原性骨折2例,成角畸形2例,一过性桡神经损伤3例,深部感染1例.骨折端存在明显间隙者有较高的骨不连发生率（P=0.012）.结论 交锁髓内钉固定治疗肱骨干骨折有较高的并发症发生率,逆行髓内钉内固定有较高的医原性骨折的可能性,但只要选用合适的内置物、提高手术操作技巧,就能把并发症发生率降至最低.     

肛管鳞癌的诊断与治疗(附15例分析)

目的探讨肛管癌诊断、治疗和预后的相关因素。方法北京医院1984-1998年间收治15例肛管鳞癌,首次诊断为肛管癌者仅5例。15例中行放疗化疗11例,8例行Miles手术。结果病理均证实为鳞癌。根据NCCN(2003年)分期,Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期4例,ⅢA期2例,ⅢB期3例。免疫组织化学染色显示肿瘤组织间质纤维化(+++)者4例,(++)者7例,(+)者4例。随诊最长10年,平均生存期(47±27.6)个月。结论肛门指诊是发现和诊断肛管癌的重要手段。放疗以及以放疗为主,化疗、手术为辅的综合治疗是肛管癌的主要治疗方法。肿瘤分期、腹股沟淋巴结转移、治疗方法以及肿瘤组织间质纤维化对病人的预后均有影响。     

假单胞菌胆固醇酯酶的生产Ⅰ.菌种筛选和发酵条件的研究

通过平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,从371株菌中筛得一株有工业生产价值的胆固醇酯酶产生菌,并对它进行了发酵条件的研究。用所获得的胆固醇酯酶配制的三酶试剂具有良好的稳定性,适用于临床检测。