基于反观面“钟摆式”吻合法的小鼠左肺原位移植改良模型（附视频）

目的  本研究从多角度对小鼠左肺原位移植模型进行改进,旨在建立一种更简易、快速和稳定的小鼠肺移植研究模型。方法  基于本团队前期大鼠左肺原位肺移植改良模型,本研究对小鼠左肺原位移植的气管插管、套管制备和受体吻合程序等均进行了不同程度的改进。由1名具有显微外科经验的操作者连续进行40例小鼠左肺原位移植手术。其中,受体肺门结构的游离在肺门钳夹平面的反观面视野下进行,并采用“钟摆式”吻合法依次对肺门三支（左主支气管、肺动脉、肺静脉）逐一吻合。详细记录各移植程序的操作时间。于术后2周处死受体,记录术后并发症的发生情况。结果  40例小鼠肺移植手术均成功完成,术中无支气管和血管撕裂、扭曲,吻合处无渗血。心肺整体获取时间为（10.7±1.5）min,套管制备时间为（16.2±1.5）min,冷缺血时间为（25.1±2.4）min,热缺血时间为（19.4±1.6）min,总手术时间为（57.2±2.9）min。在术后6~14 d的随访过程中,1只受体小鼠死于胸腔积液,考虑为感染所致;其余受体小鼠随访期间均未出现气胸、血栓和肺不张等现象。结论  本研究基于反观面“钟摆式”吻合法的小鼠左肺原位移植改良模型具有操作时间短、成功率高和并发症少等优点,有望成为可供选择的肺移植术后病理变化的研究模型,值得进一步推广。     

红细胞容积分布宽度与肾移植术后ARDS患者病死率的相关性分析

目的  探讨红细胞容积分布宽度（RDW）与肾移植术后急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）患者病死率的相关性。方法  回顾性分析106例肾移植术后ARDS患者的临床资料, 根据RDW的高低分为RDW正常组（≤15.0%, 68例）和RDW升高组（ > 15.0%, 38例）。比较两组患者的基本情况和不良事件发生情况, 绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线比较两组的50 d病死率, 采用Cox比例风险回归分析ARDS患者死亡的风险因素。结果  106例患者中, 50 d内死亡总例数为46例（43.4%）。两组在序贯器官衰竭评估（SOFA）评分、血清肌酐、血红蛋白及血小板计数的差异有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）。RDW升高组患者的50 d病死率及感染性休克发生率明显高于RDW正常组, 差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）, Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析表明, RDW升高组与正常组患者的50 d病死率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。Cox比例风险回归法单因素分析发现, 血红蛋白 < 100 g/L、血清肌酐 > 133 μmol/L、血小板计数 < 100×10⁹/L、重度ARDS、RDW > 15.0%均为ARDS患者50 d内死亡的潜在危险因素（均为P < 0.05）。多因素分析发现, 重度ARDS[比值比（OR）=12.77, 95%可信区间（CI）11.63~15.39, P < 0.001]和RDW > 15.0%（OR=2.01, 95%CI 1.02~3.94, P < 0.043）为ARDS患者50 d内死亡的独立危险因素。结论  RDW升高与肾移植术后ARDS患者疾病严重程度和50 d病死率相关, 可以作为一项较有意义的预测肾移植术后ARDS患者预后的临床指标。     

2006年至2016年遗体器官捐献领域研究热点与前沿的可视化分析

目的  对2006年至2016年遗体器官捐献领域英文文献数据进行可视化分析,探讨遗体器官捐献领域的研究热点及发展趋势。方法  使用CiteSpace对Web of Science核心数据库中遗体器官捐献领域的研究力量、高影响力作者、核心期刊、高频关键词以及突变词进行统计分析。结果  1 278条文献数据显示,研究力量主要集中在美国,论文产量达497篇,占10年发文总量的28%;高产作者Ploeg RJ和Parrilla P发文量均为14篇,高被引作者Kootstra G论文被引192次;高被引期刊《Am J Transplant》的论文被引达917次;高频关键词依次为organ donation、transplantation、donation等,突变词包括waiting-list、beating donor、donor-kidneys等。结论  遗体器官捐献领域近10年研究热点主要包括心脏死亡捐献移植手术存活率、遗体器官捐献移植手术预后、遗体器官捐献供体器官保存技术等方面,研究前沿集中于遗体器官捐献率、器官供体来源、遗体器官捐献供体标准及扩展标准等方面。     

Kinetin riboside preferentially induces apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-3 in cancer cells

Here, we demonstrate that kinetin riboside (KR), a cytokinin analog, induces apoptosis in HeLa and mouse melanoma B16F-10 cells. KR disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3. Bad were upregulated while Bcl-2 was down-regulated under KR exposure. A tumor growth in mice was dramatically suppressed by KR. In contrast, human skin fibroblast CCL-116 and bovine primary fibroblast cells show resistances to KR and no significant changes in Bad, Bcl-X(L,) and cleaved PARP were observed. Our data suggest that KR selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells through the classical mitochondria dependent apoptosis pathway.     

Distinct hepatitis B virus integration patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent normal liver tissue

Infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the main etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During chronic infection, HBV DNA can integrate into the human genome, and this has been postulated as a possible mechanism of HBV‐induced HCC. In this study we used 2199 HBV integration sites from Dr.VIS v2.0 and mapped them to the human genome (hg19) to obtain viral integration sites (VIS) related to protein‐coding and non‐protein‐coding genes. In total, we found 1,377 and 767 VIS within close proximity to protein coding genes and noncoding genes, respectively. Genes affected more than two times included 23.1% of protein‐coding genes and 24.7% of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA). Only 4.8% of VIS were shared between HCC and non‐tumor tissues. HBV integrations were more common in chromosomes 5, 8, 10, and 19 in HCC tissue and chromosomes 1 and 2 in non‐tumorous tissue. The number of integration sites on each chromosome correlated with the number of fragile sites in non‐tumorous tissue but not in HCC tissue. Functional enrichment analysis of the protein‐coding genes containing or in close proximity to HBV integration sites in HCC tissue showed an enrichment of cancer related gene ontology terms. Additionally, the most frequently associated lncRNA genes were related to telomere maintenance, protein modification processes, and chromosome localization. Thus, HBV may have preferred integration sites in the human genome that serve a critical role in HCC development. These results show that HCC treatment may benefit from the development of next generation anti‐viral therapies.     

Inhibition of miR-135a-5p attenuates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) greatly contributes to vascular remodeling in hypertension.This study is to determine the roles and mechan...     

Development and evaluation of a hearing aid manual in the Malay language

Objective: This study aimed to (a) translate a hearing aid (HA) manual into Malay language and revise the translated manual based on best practice guidelines; (b) compare the effectiveness of the translated and the revised Malay HA manuals in helping individuals to perform HA management tasks.

Design: Cross-sectional, randomised, single-blinded study.

Study sample: An Oticon-Dynamo HA manual was translated and revised based on best practice guidelines. Ninety participants aged 55?years and above participated in this study. They were randomly assigned into the control group (received translated manual) and the experimental group (received the revised translated manual). The Hearing Aid Management (HAM) test, which was developed in a previous study, was conducted to evaluate participant’s ability to perform HA management tasks using the translated and the revised version of Malay HA manual.

Results: The revised Malay HA manual had a lower reading grade level relative to the initial translated Malay HA manual. The ability to perform HA management tasks was better in the experimental group (mean = 12.2, SD = 1.15) versus the control group (mean = 8.7, SD = 2.11).

Conclusion: Further revision of existing HA manuals based on best practice guidelines is recommended to help individuals better manage their HAs.     

CASP9 genotype confers gentamicin susceptibility in intratympanic treatment of intractable vertigo caused by Ménière’s disease

Background: Ménière’s disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear, causing episodes of vertigo. Although surgery is reserved for intractable MD, intratympanic gentamicin (ITG) injection has become an alternative for controlling vertigo.

Aims/Objectives: To investigate the genetic basis of ITG efficacy.

Material and methods: We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect outcomes in patients with MD who receive ITG injections. Whole-exome sequencing was used to determine variations in coding regions.

Results: Multivariate analysis revealed two SNPs, rs1052571 in caspase 9 (CASP9; p?=?.017) and rs3745274 in cytochrome P450 2B6 (p?=?.053), which were associated with susceptibility to ITG injections. Only the C-allele in the rs1052571 SNP was significantly associated with susceptibility (p?=?.027; odds ratio: 5.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.26–28.57, by Fisher’s exact test).

Conclusions and significance: Our results elucidated the role of the rs1052571 SNP and provide a genetic perspective on gentamicin efficacy (susceptibility) in treating intractable MD.