An open add-on study on cyclophosphamide in patients with refractory myasthenic crisis

Objective: To assess the efficacy and side effects of cyclophosphamide on refractory myasthenic crisis. Methods: Five patients of myasthenic crisis refractory to usual comprehensive treatment, entered an open additional study with cyclophosphamide 200 mg VD q. d or 400 mg VD q. o. d with 6-10 g of total dosage. The patients were followed up for 1-8 years. Results: All the 5 patients were effectively treated with obvious remission in 3 and improvement in 2. Two patients have returned to partial work. The side effects were tolerable. Conclusion: The present clinical trial showed that cyclophosphamide was effective, particularly in a long term as an additional therapy for treating MG patients with refractory crisis of myasthenia gravis.     

神经导航下锁孔开颅显微手术切除脑深部海绵状血管瘤(附15例分析)

目的探讨神经导航下锁孔开颅显微手术切除脑深部海绵状血管瘤的技巧及疗效。方法对15例脑深部海绵状血管病人在神经导航下行锁孔开颅，运用显微神经外科技术切除病灶。结果本组脑深部海绵状血管瘤均取得了显微镜下全切除。术中出血少，均未输血。病人术后恢复良好，无手术死亡。结论采用神经导航技术可精确定位脑深部病变，锁孔手术又是处理颅内病变的微创神经外科技术。正确应用这两项技术，结合熟练的显微神经外科技巧，可明显提高脑深部海绵状血管瘤的临床治疗效果。     

胸腔镜下胸交感神经干切断术治疗手汗症(附300例报告)

目的总结胸腔镜胸交感神经干切断术300例的临床经验。方法分析2003年1月至2006年1月经胸腔镜胸交感神经干T_2～T_4切断术治疗手汗症的临床资料。以患侧手掌皮肤温度较术前升高1℃～3℃或更高,转干燥者为有效。手掌皮肤温度较术前增加小于1℃仍为潮湿者为无效。结果300例手术均获成功,术后患者手掌多汗症状消失,双手转为干燥温暖状,术后掌温升高(2.8±0.8)℃;282例术后随访1～36个月无一例复发,术后转移代偿性多汗60例占21.2%。结论胸交感神经干切断术是治疗手汗症安全、微创和有效的方法。     

桑椹果酒酵母筛选及发酵性能

从桑椹成熟果实、桑叶以及桑果园的土壤采样，进行桑椹果酒专用酵母的筛选，得到一株在性能上优于对照菌葡萄酒干酵母的酵母菌Y11。该菌起酵快，从第2天开始糖度大幅度下降，酒精度快速上升，发酵第4天酒精体积分数即可达到10％以上。发酵过程pH值变化趋势比较平缓，发酵结束后高级醇量符合要求。综合发酵性能及感官评定，表明该菌能代替葡萄酒干酵母用于桑椹果酒的生产。     

Schock

Shock is defined as a disproportion between oxygen supply and consumption based on a deficient perfusion of vital organs. Reduction of circulating blood volume (hypovolemic shock), cardiac failure with low output (cardiac shock) or the failure of peripheral vascular resistance (distributive shock) can result in shock. Preclinically the diagnosis of shock is determined by exploration, physical examination and – some – monitoring only. Therapy is directed towards the underlying cause whilst recovery and maintenance of adequate perfusion of vitals and tissue are of primary importance. This strategy includes the application of oxygen, fluids and catecholamines. Moreover, the choice of the hospital for further therapy is crucial in case of emergency.     

Cervical metastases of microcystic adnexal carcinoma in an otherwise healthy woman

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth, which normally does not lead to systemic metastasis. Frequent local recurrences are reported, which are most likely due to insufficient operative technique. We present the fourth case of cervical ipsilateral metastatic microcystic adnexal carcinoma in an otherwise healthy woman. The patient presented with a previously diagnosed but not completely resected microcystic adnexal carcinoma in the area of the right posterior scalp and two palpable ipsilateral lymph nodes. The tumor was resected using intraoperative snap frozen histological evaluation of the resection borders. In the same procedure two lymph nodes were resected from the right neck. The lymph nodes were histologically assessed and showed infiltration by small strains of tumor cells. After exclusion of a second primary tumor, e.g., mammary carcinoma, as the cause for cervical lymph node metastases, we performed a modified radical neck dissection with resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the accessory nerve, which was histologically proven to be perineurally infiltrated by tumor cells. In this second procedure the histological evaluation of the specimen showed no sign of remaining tumor infiltration. After exclusion of distant metastasis the patient was irradiated with 60 Gy. The patient is well 1 year after the initial treatment without signs of recurrence.     

增白牙膏去除牙面外源性色素临床实验

目的测试一种增白牙膏用于减少牙面外源性色素的效果. 方法 研究对象121例,年龄21～57岁.实验组60例,对照组61例,两组年龄和性别分布差异无显著性.采用双盲法两组平行设计,根据Lobene色斑指数(LSI)和性别均衡分为两组,随机分配使用实验牙膏或对照牙膏.实验组牙膏含3 %植酸钠和1.3 %焦磷酸钠,对照组牙膏不含相应成分.临床检查分别在基线、3周和6周后进行,由同一人测定LSI.问卷询问刷牙情况. 结果 基线检查、实验3周和6周后实验组LSI分别为3.00、2.16和1.47, 对照组分别为3.10、3.08和2.18.基线检查两组LSI差别无显著性意义, 实验3周和6周后两组LSI比较差异均有显著性意义. 实验组LSI在3周和6周后分别比基线时降低28 %和51 %. 结论含3 %植酸钠和1.3 %焦磷酸钠牙膏能有效减少牙面色素,效果随使用时间而增强.     

Assessment of tardive dyskinesia by means of digital image processing

A wireless device for the assessment of tardive dyskinesia by means of digital image processing is presented. Four skin-cream dots placed around the subjects' mouth are recorded by a video camera. The image is passed to a framegrabber with a signal processor, where it is converted from analogue to digital. A fast spot-detecting algorithm implemented on the signal processor tracks the dots and passes the information to a personal computer, where a Fourier transformation is performed to calculate the frequency spectrum of the movements. The device provided detailed information on the magnitude and on the frequencies of the movements. Data from a longitudinal investigation suggest a higher sensitivity and reliability than conventional rating scales to detect and evaluate abnormal perioral movements. The device might be useful for the early detection, for the longitudinal assessment (p.e. clinical trials) and in some cases for the differential diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia, thus providing a tool for both research and clinical purposes.     

Cor pulmonale caused by recurrent pulmonary emboli

A 53-year-old black man developed femoral thrombophlebitis in 1983 following a Harrington nail implantation in his first lumbar vertebral region. There was evidence of pulmonary embolization at that time and recurrently until he developed ventricular fibrillation and died in 1987. The terminal event followed a hypotensive episode during the course of a right ventricular catheterization. Autopsy confirmed the clinical impression that he had multiple recurrent thromboemboli to his lungs. After several years of embolization, the pulmonary arterial circulation was sufficiently occluded to result in pulmonary hypertension. Cor pulmonale was produced, with congestive heart failure leading to a progressively downhill course in the 4 months before his death.