Wernickesche Encephalopathie bei experimentellem Thiaminmangel der Ratte

Zusammenfassung Es wird zur Anwendung des BegriffesWernickesche Encephalopathie im Zusammenhang mit tierexperimenteller B₁-Avitaminose Stellung genommen und für seine Inanspruchnahme der Nachweis des pseudoencephalitischen Gewebesyndroms gefordert. Dieser Nachweis wurde bei Ratten erbracht, die Karpfeneingeweide als thiaminasehaltigen Bestandteil mit ihrem Futter erhalten hatten.

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Summary The justification of the authors concept of Wernicke's encephalopathia is substantiated by the demonstration of the pseudo-encephalitic tissue syndrom in animals maintained on a vitamin B-free diet. This result was achieved with rats who received the viscera of carp as their dietary component of thiaminase.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Concentration of lissamine green in proximal tubules of antidiuretic and mercury poisoned rats and the permeability of these tubules

Zusammenfassung Die Isolierung der Bürstensaumfraktion erfolgt durch fraktionierte Zentrifugation in einem isotonen Saccharosemedium mit anschließender Trennung im Saccharose-Dichtegradienten. Die Bürstensaumfragmente reichern sich im Bereich der Dichte d 1,16/d 1,17 an und zeigen bei der Sedimentation ein Verhalten, das von dem der Mitochondrien und des endoplasmatischen Reticulums abweicht. Die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung ergibt ein morphologisch einheitliches Bild von kugelförmigen Bürstensaumfragmenten mit gut erhaltenen Mikrovilli. Die spezifische Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase ist gegenüber dem Gesamthomogenat um den Faktor 12 erhöht, die spezifische Aktivität der Glutamat-Dehydrogenase, Lactat-Dehydrogenase und der Glucose-6-Phosphatase ist in der Bürstensaumfraktion vermindert. Die Na⁺–K⁺-stimulierbare und Ouabain-hemmbare ATPase wird um den Faktor 4 angereichert, ebenso verhält sich die K⁺-stimulierbare neutrale p-Nitrophenyl-Phosphatase.Die Ergebnisse wurden auf der Frühjahrstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Physiologie 1969 vorgetragen     

Barbitursäurederivate, 25. Mitt. Chirale N-Alkyl-norhexobarbitale

Chiral N-Alkylnorhexobarbitals Syntheses of the racemates and the enantiomers of the N-alkylnorhexobarbitals 2a --c are reported. The stereospecific condensations of disubstituted cyanoacetates with highly alkylated ureas proceed in the same direction as with N-methylurea.     

Pharmakologisch aktive polymere, 8.Poly[2-(methylsulfinyl)äthylacrylat]e und ihre vermittelnde wirkung auf die transkutane resorption von pharmaka

Poly[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl acrylate] ( 2a ) and poly[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl methacrylate] ( 2b ) were synthesized in order to examine their ability to enhance the penetration of pharmaceutical agents through the skin. 2b improved the absorption of the two phosphoric acid esters Dimethoat® and Paraoxon® as well as that of p-aminohippuric acid by an amount which was comparable to the effect shown by DMSO. A smaller effect was observed in the case of dinitrochlorobenzene. The dermal absorption of isoprenalin sulfate was not influenced. Both polymers showed a good local compatibility and 2b no acute common toxicity at systemic levels of application. The characteristic garlic-like odor of DMSO was not observed after either local or systemic application of the polymers.     

Zur biologischen Bildung von N,N-Dimethylanilin-N-Oxyd und N,N-Dimethylaminoazobenzol-N4-Oxyd aus den Aminen sowie ihre Reaktionen mit Hämoglobin und mit Lebermikrosomen

Zusammenfassung An Meerschweinchen wurden die Wirkungen einiger Veratrum-Alkaloide auf die Impulsaktivität der Lungendehnungsreceptoren und auf die Atemtätigkeit untersucht. Bei intravenöser Verabreichung zeigten das Alkaloidgemisch Veratrin und die Einzelalkaloide Veratridin, Cevadin, Germin, Desacetylgermitetrin und Germitetrin, sowie Protoveratrin A und Protoveratrin B eine erregende Wirkung auf die Lungendehnungsreceptoren mit erheblichen Unterschieden bezüglich der Wirkungsdauer und der Dosimetrie. Es ließ sich ein rasch eintretender, kurzwirkender Veratrin-Typ bei Veratrin, Veratridin, Cevadin, Germin und Desacetylgermitetrin von einem langsam einsetzenden, langdauernden Protoveratrin-Typ bei Protoveratrin A, Protoveratrin B und Germitetrin unterscheiden.Bei beiden Typen folgte dem Maximum der Receptorenerregung eine Phase der Desensibilisierung. Am Beispiel von Veratrin wurde mit der von uns verwendeten Methode für die Erregungswirkung eine vollständige Dosis-Effekt-Kurve aufgestellt.Innerhalb der niedrigen Dosenbereiche kam es bei Veratrinsulfat und Protoveratrin A zu einer Tachypnoe, die durch Bivagotomie und Endoanaesthetica verhindert werden konnte. Bei höherer Dosierung trat die bekannte vagal-reflektorische Apnoe auf.

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Summary In guinea-pigs, various veratrum-alcaloids have been investigated on lung-stretch-receptors and on respiratory behaviour.Intravenous administration of veratrine, veratridine, cevadine, germine, desacetylgermitetrine, germitetrine as well as protoveratrine A and protoveratrine B brought about receptor stimulation of different degree and duration. Two types of stimulation could be distinguished: (1) the veratrine-type with immediate begin and short-lasting action as seen after veratrine, veratridine, cevadine, germine and desacetylgermitetrine and (2) the protoveratrine-type with delayed onset and long-lasting action as seen after protoveratrine A, protoveratrine B and germitetrine. The maximum of stimulation was followed by a phase of desensitization. By help of our method it became possible to set up a dose-effect-curve for the stimulative action of veratrine.Small doses of veratrine and of protoveratrine A caused tachypnea which could be prevented by endoanaesthesia. High doses brought about the well known vagus-induced reflex-apnea.

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Herrn Professor Dr. O. Schaumann zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Anomalien bei der kationischen copolymerisation von trioxan. 32. Mitt. über polyoxymethylene

The cationic copolymerization of trioxane with styrene, 1,3-dioxolane, and other comonomers cannot be treated by the conventional copolymerization kinetics of MAYO and LEWIS . This is due to principally four side reactions: 1. During the induction period: depolymerization of trioxymethylene units immediately after their incorporation into the copolymer; thus free formaldehyde and a prepolymer rich in styrene resp. dioxolan are formed. 2. Formation and polymerization of formaldehyde at the active chain ends; during all the polymerization formaldehyde is present in its ceiling equilibrium concentration. 3. Formation of oxacyclic compounds at the active chain ends; during copolymerization of trioxan and styrene, tetroxan and 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxan are formed in appreciable quantities. 4. Transfer by copolymer. A new method of determining reactivity ratios in copolymerization is proposed which is not afflicted by these side reactions. The penultimate effect is discussed. Cyclic formals take a special position as comonomers of trioxane; their copolymerization may be treated by a much simpler kinetic scheme. (English translation of full text available on request.)     

Molecular Mimicry between HIV-1 and Antigen Receptor Molecules: A Clue to the Pathogenesis of AIDS

There is increasing evidence that autoimmune phenomena play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS. We found a high degree of sequence homology between HIV-1 and antigen receptor molecules, immunoglobulins and T cell receptors. Based on recent findings that the appearance of anti-Fab autoantibodies and attachment of gp120/immunoglobulin/complement complexes on CD4+ T cells are associated with the decrease of CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected patients, we hypothesize herein that cross-reactive anti-F (ab′)₂ autoantibodies and circulating gp120 molecules are responsible for a destabilization of the immune network and the elimination of CD4+ T cells.     

Untersuchungen über Inhaltsstoffe von Lippia americana, 2. Mitt.

Isolation and Structure of Substances in Lippia Americana, II Free fatty acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids of waxes, alcohols of waxes, amino acids and choline were determined qualitatively and quantitatively.     

Liver as a Tumor Cell Killing Organ

Lymphoma cells (Eb and ESb, the metastasizing variant) were injected via a mesenteric vein. 85% to 95% of these cells were trapped in the liver. Most of the Eb cells (81%) were destroyed within 18 hours, ESb cells prove to be more resistant: only 28% of these cells were destroyed within this time. 51-Chromium release assay (4 hours) revealed a similar sensitivity of these two tumor cell strains.     

Pharmacologically active polymers, 11. Polymeric sulfonamides as potential antibacterials and carriers for antitumor agents

A number of acryl and methacryl derivatives of different sulfanilamides ( 1a—I ) were prepared and polymerized. The fixation of the sulfonamide to the polymerizable group was carried out directly, using the acryl- and methacrylamides, and by means of spacer groups, to favour the enzymatic or hydrolytic release of the drug moiety. Selected sulfonamide types of different pK_A values were used, and the pH-dependant solubility of the corresponding polymers was studied. The monomeric acryloyl and methacryloyl sulfonamides were homopolymerized radically by AIBN. For distribution studies polysulfadiazineacrylamide, ¹⁴C-labelled in the main chain ( 2e' ), was synthesized. Copolymerization with 2-methylsulfinylethyl methacrylate ( 5a ) yielded water soluble polymers of lower toxicity. Eventually biodegradable polymers containing sulfonamide units in the backbone were obtained by anionic polymerization of acryloyl and methacryloyl sulfanilamide. The new monomers and polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR- and NMR-spectroscopy, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, and hydrolytic degradation.