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991.
James W. Varni Christine A. Limbers Daniel A. Newman Michael Seid 《Quality of life research》2008,17(9):1153-1162
Background The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in pediatric medicine and health services research has grown significantly
over the past decade. The paradigm shift toward patient-reported outcomes (PROs) has provided the opportunity to emphasize
the value and critical need for pediatric patient self-report. In order for changes in HRQOL/PRO outcomes to be meaningful
over time, it is essential to demonstrate longitudinal factorial invariance. This study examined the longitudinal factor structure
of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales over a one-year period for child self-report ages 5–17 in 2,887 children from a statewide
evaluation of the California State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) utilizing a structural equation modeling framework.
Methods Specifying four- and five-factor measurement models, longitudinal structural equation modeling was used to compare factor
structures over a one-year interval on the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales.
Results While the four-factor conceptually-derived measurement model for the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales produced an acceptable
fit, the five-factor empirically-derived measurement model from the initial field test of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales
produced a marginally superior fit in comparison to the four-factor model. For the five-factor measurement model, the best
fitting model, strict factorial invariance of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales across the two measurement occasions was
supported by the stability of the comparative fit index between the unconstrained and constrained models, and several additional
indices of practical fit including the root mean squared error of approximation, the non-normed fit index, and the parsimony
normed fit index.
Conclusion The findings support an equivalent factor structure on the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales over time. Based on these data,
it can be concluded that over a one-year period children in our study interpreted items on the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales
in a similar manner.
The PedsQL™ is available at . 相似文献
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重型颅脑损伤后高血糖82例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
1 临床资料 1996 - 0 8/ 1999- 0 8我科共收治重型颅脑损伤患者 82 (男 5 8,女 2 4)例 ,年龄 7~ 81(平均 32 .4)岁 .本组患者伤前均无糖尿病史 .GCS评分均 <8分 .其中 6~ 8分的 42例 ;3~ 5分的 2 8例 ;3分以下的 12例 .发病至入院时间均在2 4h以内 .应用美国产“One Touch”血糖仪每日在床旁测空腹血糖 1次[1 ] ,连续测 7d.对于空腹血糖 >10 mmol· L者 ,给予低糖饮食 ,不用激素 ,少量应用甘露醇 ,适当应用胰岛素及乳酸林格液等治疗 .在 82例中 ,首次测血糖值 >10 mmol· L[2 ] 的 49例 ,最高值为 19.4mmol· L ;经上述治疗 ,结果… 相似文献
995.
TM Fandel M Pfnür SC Schäfer P Bacchetti FW Mast C Corinth M Ansorge SW Melchior JW Thüroff CJ Kirkpatrick H‐A Lehr 《The Journal of pathology》2008,216(2):193-200
In the histomorphological grading of prostate carcinoma, pathologists have regularly assigned comparable scores for the architectural Gleason and the now‐obsolete nuclear World Health Organization (WHO) grading systems. Although both systems demonstrate good correspondence between grade and survival, they are based on fundamentally different biological criteria. We tested the hypothesis that this apparent concurrence between the two grading systems originates from an interpretation bias in the minds of diagnostic pathologists, rather than reflecting a biological reality. Three pathologists graded 178 prostatectomy specimens, assigning Gleason and WHO scores on glass slides and on digital images of nuclei isolated out of their architectural context. The results were analysed with respect to interdependencies among the grading systems, to tumour recurrence (PSA relapse > 0.1 ng/ml at 48 months) and robust nuclear morphometry, as assessed by computer‐assisted image analysis. WHO and Gleason grades were strongly correlated (r = 0.82) and demonstrated identical prognostic power. However, WHO grades correlated poorly with nuclear morphology (r = 0.19). Grading of nuclei isolated out of their architectural context significantly improved accuracy for nuclear morphology (r = 0.55), but the prognostic power was virtually lost. In conclusion, the architectural organization of a tumour, which the pathologist cannot avoid noticing during initial slide viewing at low magnification, unwittingly influences the subsequent nuclear grade assignment. In our study, the prognostic power of the WHO grading system was dependent on visual assessment of tumour growth pattern. We demonstrate for the first time the influence a cognitive bias can have in the generation of an error in diagnostic pathology and highlight a considerable problem in histopathological tumour grading. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
996.
Only hydrosalpinges visible on ultrasound are associated with reduced implantation and pregnancy rates after in-vitro fertilization 总被引:3,自引:10,他引:3
de Wit W; Gowrising CJ; Kuik DJ; Lens JW; Schats R 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(6):1696-1701
A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data was made of all
in-vitro fertilization (IVF) patients with tubal pathology who had their
first ever embryo transfer cycle between January 1st, 1992 and September
1st, 1996. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the presence
of a hydrosalpinx, whether or not visible by ultrasound, on pregnancy,
multiple pregnancy and implantation rates in our patient population. The
IVF success rate was also analysed by calculating cumulative ongoing
pregnancy rates of the same patient group using the lifetime table
approach. In the presence of an ultrasound-visible hydrosalpinx, rates of
pregnancy and multiple pregnancy appeared reduced, but the differences were
not significant. The rates of implantation, clinical implantation and
ongoing implantation were significantly lower in the presence of an
ultrasound- visible hydrosalpinx (odds ratios 0.33-0.46, C.I. 0.21-0.96).
The cumulative chance of achieving an ongoing pregnancy after one or more
IVF cycles was significantly reduced in the presence of an ultrasound-
visible hydrosalpinx (relative hazard 0.36, C.I. 0.22-0.59). In the
presence of a hydrosalpinx not visible by ultrasound the IVF outcome was
not reduced. This retrospective study confirms that patients with
hydrosalpinges have an impaired IVF outcome. Unique to this study and
previously unobserved is the finding that there is a subgroup of patients
with hydrosalpinges, those with ultrasound-visible hydrosalpinges, which is
exclusively responsible for this impaired outcome.
相似文献
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1 对象和方法1.1 对象 1996 - 0 2 / 1998- 0 6我们应用阿霉素注射法治疗三叉神经痛 6 1(男 39,女 2 2 )例 .年龄 2 8~ 81(平均年龄 6 5 )岁 .病史 1.5~ 5 a.疼痛分布 :第 支疼痛 17例 , 支 2 3例 , 支 11例 , + 支 6例 , + 支 4例 .疼痛位于左侧面部2 9例 ,右侧 32例 .所有病例治疗前均曾服各种药物治疗效果不佳或无效 ,其中 2 9例 CT检查无异常 .1.2 方法 将阿霉素粉剂用生理盐水稀释成 10 g· L- 1 ,用1m L 无菌皮试针管 ,7号针头 ,抽取配制好的阿霉素注射液0 .3m L,对三叉神经末梢支进行注射 .第 支痛者注射部位为眶上神… 相似文献
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Fibrin polymers (des A,B fibrinogen) reduced the concentration of alpha- thrombin required for 50% activation of plasma factor XIII (a2b2 tetramer) by approximately 100-fold. In the presence of fibrin, the amount of gamma-thrombin required for activation was not affected. Catalytically inactive i-Pr2P- and D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2-alpha-thrombin were found to inhibit over 95% of the activation by alpha-thrombin in the presence of fibrin. Unlike plasma factor XIII, the concentration of alpha-thrombin required for 50% activation of platelet factor XIII (a2 dimer) was lower, and the activation was not enhanced by fibrin. However, when the a2 platelet factor XIII was incubated with purified b- chains, the alpha- and gamma-thrombin concentrations required for activation increased tenfold and reached levels similar to those required for activation of the plasma factor XIII. When fibrin was present, the alpha-thrombin concentrations needed for activation of the a2b2 complexes were reduced, and the presence of fibrin had no effect on gamma-thrombin cleavage of the a2b2 complexes. Therefore, the b- chains must inhibit a-chain cleavage by alpha-thrombin in the absence of fibrin. These results imply that the formation of a cocomplex involving alpha-thrombin, fibrin, and plasma factor XIII causes some conformational change in plasma factor XIII such that the b-chains no longer inhibit cleavage of the a-chains. 相似文献