新疆和布克赛尔蒙古自治县囊型包虫病危险因素分析

目的 分析新疆和布克赛尔蒙古自治县囊型包虫病流行相关的危险因素及探讨预防措施.方法 在和布克赛尔蒙古自治县采用随机抽样方法 ,进行人群囊型包虫病的流行病学调查,调查内容包括民族、年龄、性别、职业及生活习惯等,并对囊型包虫病相关的危险因素进行多因素logistic回归分析.结果人群包虫病患病率为3.8%,血清阳性率为12.4%,其中囊型包虫病患病率为3.7%,泡型包虫病患病率为0.16%.通过多因素logistic回归分析,发现年龄和家庭屠宰牲畜与囊型包虫病患病有关,OR值分别是7.6(2.481～23.579)、3.2(1.297～7.809).50～60岁年龄组患病率最高,OR值是<20岁年龄组的7.6倍;牧民患病率最高.结论 和布克赛尔蒙古自治县囊型包虫病呈持续高流行势态;年龄和有家庭屠宰牲畜行为与患囊型包虫病相关.     

北京市549名中学生参与式急救知识技能培训效果评估

目的了解参与式中学生急救知识技能培训效果,探索适合中学生的急救培训模式。方法选取北京市14所完全中学的549名中学生,运用参与式培训方式进行急救知识技能培训,并对培训效果进行评价。结果急救培训后,培训对象的急救知识水平有所提高,合格率从培训前的40.4%提高到了96.1%(P0.05)。在24个知识点中,有20个知识点的正确率与培训前相比有不同程度的提高(P值均0.05)。72.6%的培训对象认为急救培训课程的效果很好。72.5%的学生喜欢"分小组实习"的培训方式。无论校医还是急救中心培训教师,均对参与式培训效果感到满意。结论参与式急救培训能有效提高中学生急救知识水平,方法有效。     

The impact of cross-border reproductive care or 'fertility tourism' on NHS maternity services

High order multiple pregnancies have substantial morbidity and mortality. Fertility treatment is commonly responsible for their conception and is available globally with variable regulation. We investigated cross-border fertility treatment in these pregnancies in a UK fetal medicine unit, recording mode of conception, country of fertility treatment, reason for non-UK treatment and fetal reduction. Over an 11-year period, 109 women had a high order multiple pregnancy. Ninety-four women (86%) conceived with fertility treatment of whom 24 (26%) had this performed overseas. Cross-border fertility treatment poses an increasing challenge to obstetricians. National data on its occurrence is urgently needed.     

Syrinx-like artifacts on MR images of the spinal cord

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the spinal cord frequently demonstrates, especially on sagittal sections, a central stripe that mimics a true syrinx. This syrinx-like manifestation of a truncation artifact occurs in objects having a width of only a few pixels and was demonstrated by calculations verified with phantom MR images. Healthy volunteers and two patients with a syrinx and cervical spondylosis, respectively, underwent MR imaging. By increasing the number of phase-encoding steps, decreasing the field of view, and switching phase- and frequency-encoding axes, the syrinx-like artifact can be eliminated.     

Recombinant factor VIIa corrects prothrombin time in cirrhotic patients: A preliminary study

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cirrhotic patients with a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) are known to have low levels of factor VII. Because the current modalities to correct this problem are not ideal, recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) may be useful in correcting the prolonged PT observed in the coagulopathy of cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rFVIIa in nonbleeding volunteer patients with the coagulopathy of cirrhosis. METHODS: A preliminary, single-center, dose- escalation trial was performed. Cirrhotic patients with a PT of > 2 seconds above the upper limit of the reference value received an intramuscular injection of vitamin K. Ten patients whose PT did not correct to within 2 seconds above the control of the upper limit of the reference value were given three successive dosages of rFVIIa (5, 20, and 80 micrograms/kg) during a 3-week period. RESULTS: The mean PT transiently corrected to normal in all three dosage groups. No adverse effects were noted. There was no evidence of the induction of disseminated intravascular coagulation. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary trial shows rFVIIa to be effective in transiently reversing the prolonged PT in a select group of nonbleeding cirrhotic patients. These preliminary observations support conducting a large-scale efficacy trial. (Gastroenterology 1997 Dec;113(6):1930-7)