Measurement of transepidermal water loss in Tanzanian cot-nursed neonates and its relation to postnatal weight loss

In healthy cot-nursed Tanzanian neonates ( n = 92, gestation 26–42 weeks) measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and weight change were performed during the first 24 h after birth at an average ambient humidity of 70% and an environmental temperature of 32°C. Urine production on day 1 (ml/kg per 24h) was documented for a subgroup of 13 preterm and 8 term infants. In a limited group of preterm infants ( n = 5) TEWL measurements, weight and 24 h urine volume measurements were repeated daily for 7 days. Maximum weight loss was determined in 7 preterm (gestational age 30–36 weeks) and 6 term infants. TEWL was estimated by measuring the evaporation rate at three sites of the body using the water vapour pressure gradient method. On day 1, TEWL was highest in the most preterm infants, whereas TEWL and urine production were higher in large for gestational age infants as compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants of the same gestational age (31–36 weeks). For the whole group, weight loss on day 1 was correlated with TEWL ( r = 0.49, p <0.05). At follow-up TEWL in preterm infants remained almost constant during the first 4 days and decreased after the fourth day, at which time weight gain commenced. Preterm AGA infants (gestational age 24–37 weeks) showed a mean postnatal weight loss of 4.4% of the birth weight, while in term infants this loss was only 2.6%. A reduced postnatal weight loss as compared to Caucasian infants may be explained by a lower water loss during the first days after birth, through both skin evaporation and urine excretion.     

Postoperative hysterosalpingogram: radiographic-surgical correlation

The hysterosalpingograms of 46 patients who underwent previous uterine or tubal surgery were reviewed. Surgical procedures performed included cesarean section, myomectomy, uterine septal repair, tubal reimplantation and reanastomosis, and fimbrioplasty/cuff salpingostomy. The procedures and their resulting hysterosalpingographic appearances are discussed.     

熔融高速搅拌法制备氢氯噻嗪缓释微丸

通过对处方和工艺进行优化和筛选 ,采用熔融高速搅拌法制备了利尿药氢氯噻嗪的缓释微丸。结果表明 :以固体石蜡和单硬脂酸甘油酯为粘合剂 ,在 6 4℃、70 0r/min条件下操作 ,成粒子后再加入少量固体石蜡和钙盐 ,继续搅拌 ,降温整粒 8min可得圆整的缓释微丸。验证了应用熔融高速搅拌法制备氢氯噻嗪缓释微丸的适用性和技术特殊性 ,为工业生产奠定了基础。     

塞来昔布抑制人结肠癌细胞Caco-2细胞增生的分子机制

目的研究塞来昔布在体外对人结肠癌细胞Caco-2生长增生及其抗肿瘤的相关分子机制。方法体外培养人结肠癌细胞Caco-2,MTY法检测塞来昔布在相同浓度下,不同时间对于结肠癌细胞增生的影响,并计算Ic。值;RT—PCR法检验COX-2、Survivin的mRNA的表达影响。结果MTF结果显示：相同干预浓度塞来昔布抑制人结肠癌细胞增生,其24h,48h,72h的Ic。分别为：（99．519±10．355）μmol／L、（71．546±6．446）μmol／L、（59．622±15．999）μmol／L;RT-PCR结果显示：人结肠癌细胞Caco-2正常对照组及塞来昔布干预组COX-2mRNA灰度值分别为：0．808±0．021、0．101±0．002（t=19．037,P=0．000）;Survivin mRNA灰度值分别为：0．798±0．031、0．190±0．002（t=18．987,P=0．002）。结论塞来昔布抑制结肠癌细胞增生,塞来昔布抗肿瘤机制可能是通过抑制COX-2及Survivin的mRNA的表达来实现的。     

血管内皮生长因子与大肠癌的研究进展

近年来随着分子生物学及免疫学的进展,使大肠癌的研究有了很大的进展。大量研究表明,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在大肠癌组织有高度表达,本文就VEGF在大肠癌的发生、发展及其对大肠癌诊断、治疗和预后中的作用进行综述。     

小鼠双微体基因309T／G多态性及幽门螺杆菌感染与贲门癌的发病关联

目的通过比较贲门癌患者与匹配人群的幽门螺杆菌（（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）感染率和小鼠双微体基因（MDM2）309基因多态性,探讨MDM2309基因多态性及Hp感染与责门癌发病风险的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,分析了106例贲门癌患者和性别、年龄配对的106例正常对照的MDM2—309基因型及其与贲门癌风险的相关性,实验对象胃镜取材进行活组织快速尿激酶检测（RUT）、活检组织病理染色和^14C尿素呼气试验（^14C-UBT）,选其中任两种方法检测Hp结果一致者入选。结果贲门癌患者MDM2309基因G／G、G／T型分布频率高于对照组,OR值分别为3．02（95％ CI=1.38～6．59,P=0．009）、2．11（95％CI=1．07～4．15,P=0．031）,在伴有Hp感染的贲门癌患者中,MDM2309基因G／6、G／T型与T／T型相比分布频率明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,OR值分别为5．38（95％CI=1．90～15．20,P=0．001）、3．20（95％CI=1．36～7．50,P=0．008）,而HP阴性组中3种基因型分布频率差异无统计学意义。结论MDM2309G等位基因（G／G和G／T）可以增加贲门癌的发病风险,伴Hp感染后,MDM2309G等位基因携带者贲门癌发病风险显著提高。     

Scanning electron microscopic study of Streptococcus mutans BHT lysed by lysozyme

The effects of purified salivary lysozyme (HSL) and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) on the surface structure of Streptococcus mutans BHT were studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. In parallel experiments bacteriolysis was monitored by liberation of ³H-thymidine incorporated into the bacteria. Control cells maintained their shape and had intact cell walls during the experimental period. Exposure of the cells to HSL (5.0 U/ml) or HEWL (5.0 μg/ml) for 3 and 18 h resulted in progressive destruction of cell structure. Some cells exhibited ruptures of the cell walls on top of spherical swellings, predominantly located at the ends of the bacteria. After 18 h the majority were disrupted in the septal area leaving numerous empty cup-shaped cell walls in the preparations. The findings of the electron microscopic examination were confirmed in the biochemical assay.