Meiotic products of a Klinefelter 47,XXY male as determined by sperm fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis

The meiotic segregation of 24 spermatozoa obtained from a 47,XXY male is described. Three-colour fluorescence in-situ hybridization with probes for chromosomes X, Y and 18 was used. Five spermatozoa carried an X chromosome, seven carried a Y, six had an XY gonosomal complement, five were missing the sex chromosome and one spermatozoon was presumably diploid with an XX/1818 complement. Our results support the hypothesis that XXY cells are able to complete meiosis. In this patient, the percentage of spermatozoa with an abnormal number of sex chromosomes increased from 1/6 (17%) among spermatozoa with normal morphology to 11/18 (61%) in spermatozoa with abnormal morphology.      

定性及定量分析脆性组氨酸三联体基因蛋白表达在食管癌变过程中的临床意义

目的定性和定量分析脆性组氨酸三联体基因蛋白（Fhit蛋白）在食管癌及癌前病变（不典型增生）组织中的表达,探讨Fhit蛋白与食管癌发生发展的关系.方法收集色素内镜初筛并经组织病理学证实标本94例,应用免疫组化及流式细胞术（FCM）,定性及定量检测Fhit蛋白在食管癌变过程中的表达情况.结果①从食管鳞状上皮→不典型增生（癌前病变）→原位癌→浸润癌,随着食管病变的加重,定性及定量检测Fhit蛋白表达均呈逐渐降低趋势;②免疫组化结果显示：正常组、不典型增生Ⅰ级组、不典型增生Ⅱ级组、不典型增生Ⅲ级组、原位癌组、浸润癌组中Fhit蛋白表达分别为82.35%、75.00%、43.75%、35.29%、30.00%、33.33%;正常组与食管不典型增生Ⅰ级组Fhit蛋白表达差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,与其余各组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;浸润癌组与正常组、不典型增生Ⅰ级组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,浸润癌组与不典型增生Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级组、原位癌组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;③FCM结果显示：不典型增生Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级组间Fhit蛋白表达量差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,不典型增生Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,不典型增生Ⅱ级与正常组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,不典型增生Ⅲ级与食管癌组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 Fhit蛋白表达缺失是食管癌变过程的早期事件,随病理组织学分级的增高Fhit蛋白表达阳性率逐渐降低,其蛋白表达的缺失在食管癌发生、发展过程中可能起着重要作用.     

LINGUAL INFARCTION IN CRANIAL ARTERITIS

SUMMARY An unusual case is described of infarction of the tongue as a presentation of cranial arteritis. The lingual necrosis may have been precipitated in part by the use of ergotamine to relieve the headache of the temporal arteritis, mistaken initially for migraine. The patient recovered with high-dose steroid therapy.     

Measurement of transepidermal water loss in Tanzanian cot-nursed neonates and its relation to postnatal weight loss

In healthy cot-nursed Tanzanian neonates ( n = 92, gestation 26–42 weeks) measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and weight change were performed during the first 24 h after birth at an average ambient humidity of 70% and an environmental temperature of 32°C. Urine production on day 1 (ml/kg per 24h) was documented for a subgroup of 13 preterm and 8 term infants. In a limited group of preterm infants ( n = 5) TEWL measurements, weight and 24 h urine volume measurements were repeated daily for 7 days. Maximum weight loss was determined in 7 preterm (gestational age 30–36 weeks) and 6 term infants. TEWL was estimated by measuring the evaporation rate at three sites of the body using the water vapour pressure gradient method. On day 1, TEWL was highest in the most preterm infants, whereas TEWL and urine production were higher in large for gestational age infants as compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants of the same gestational age (31–36 weeks). For the whole group, weight loss on day 1 was correlated with TEWL ( r = 0.49, p <0.05). At follow-up TEWL in preterm infants remained almost constant during the first 4 days and decreased after the fourth day, at which time weight gain commenced. Preterm AGA infants (gestational age 24–37 weeks) showed a mean postnatal weight loss of 4.4% of the birth weight, while in term infants this loss was only 2.6%. A reduced postnatal weight loss as compared to Caucasian infants may be explained by a lower water loss during the first days after birth, through both skin evaporation and urine excretion.     

Postoperative hysterosalpingogram: radiographic-surgical correlation

The hysterosalpingograms of 46 patients who underwent previous uterine or tubal surgery were reviewed. Surgical procedures performed included cesarean section, myomectomy, uterine septal repair, tubal reimplantation and reanastomosis, and fimbrioplasty/cuff salpingostomy. The procedures and their resulting hysterosalpingographic appearances are discussed.     

熔融高速搅拌法制备氢氯噻嗪缓释微丸

通过对处方和工艺进行优化和筛选 ,采用熔融高速搅拌法制备了利尿药氢氯噻嗪的缓释微丸。结果表明 :以固体石蜡和单硬脂酸甘油酯为粘合剂 ,在 6 4℃、70 0r/min条件下操作 ,成粒子后再加入少量固体石蜡和钙盐 ,继续搅拌 ,降温整粒 8min可得圆整的缓释微丸。验证了应用熔融高速搅拌法制备氢氯噻嗪缓释微丸的适用性和技术特殊性 ,为工业生产奠定了基础。     

HLA配型与肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的关系

目的 研究ＨＬＡ配型与尸体肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的关系。方法 将２６２例尸体肾移植受者按ＨＬＡ配型的误配率（ＭＭ）进行分组,统计各组术后１～２个月内急性排斥反应的发生次数。结果 当ＭＭ〉３时,若接受的器官ＨＬＡ抗原／基因为可接受性,术后急性排斥反应的发生率为１６．４％;若供体器官ＨＬＡ抗原／基因具免疫原性,则急性排斥反应的发生率为３３．１％,两者比较,Ｐ〈０．０５。结论 供受者间ＨＬＡ配型越好