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91.
Vu SN Nguyen TY Tran VP Truong UN Le QM Le VL Le TN Bektas A Briscombe A Aaskov JG Ryan PA Kay BH 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2005,72(1):67-73
From September 2000 to June 2003, a community-based program for dengue control using local predacious copepods of the genus Mesocyclops was conducted in three rural communes in the central Vietnam provinces of Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and Khanh Hoa. Post-project, three subsequent entomologic surveys were conducted until March 2004. The number of households and residents in the communes were 5,913 and 27,167, respectively, and dengue notification rates for these communes from 1996 were as high as 2,418.5 per 100,000 persons. Following knowledge, attitude, and practice evaluations, surveys of water storage containers indicated that Mesocyclops spp. already occurred in 3-17% and that large tanks up to 2,000 liters, 130-300-liter jars, wells, and some 220-liter metal drums were the most productive habitats for Aedes aegypti. With technical support, the programs were driven by communal management committees, health collaborators, schoolteachers, and pupils. From quantitative estimates of the standing crop of third and fourth instars from 100 households, Ae. aegypti were reduced by approximately 90% by year 1, 92.3-98.6% by year 2, and Ae. aegypti immature forms had been eliminated from two of three communes by June 2003. Similarly, from resting adult collections from 100 households, densities were reduced to 0-1 per commune. By March 2004, two communes with no larvae had small numbers but the third was negative; one adult was collected in each of two communes while one became negative. Absolute estimates of third and fourth instars at the three intervention communes and one left untreated had significant correlations (P = 0.009-< 0.001) with numbers of adults aspirated from inside houses on each of 15 survey periods. By year 1, the incidence of dengue disease in the treated communes was reduced by 76.7% compared with non-intervention communes within the same districts, and no dengue was evident in 2002 and 2003, compared with 112.8 and 14.4 cases per 100,000 at district level. Since we had similar success in northern Vietnam from 1998 to 2000, this study demonstrates that this control model is broadly acceptable and achievable at community level but vigilance is required post-project to prevent reinfestation. 相似文献
92.
Vinh H Duong NM Phuong le T Truong NT Bay PV Wain J Diep TS Ho VA White NJ Day NP Parry CM 《Annals of tropical paediatrics》2005,25(1):17-22
An open, randomised comparison of 2 or 3 days of oral ofloxacin (10 mg/kg/day) for uncomplicated typhoid fever was conducted in 235 Vietnamese children. Multi-drug-resistant Salmonella typhi was isolated from 182/202 (90%) children and 5/166 (3%) tested isolates were nalidixic acid-resistant (Na(R)). Eighty-nine of 116 children randomised to 2 days and 107/119 randomised to 3 days were blood culture-positive and eligible for analysis. There were 12 (13.5%) failures in the 2-day group (six clinical failures, four blood culture-positive post treatment, two relapses) compared with eight (7.5%) failures in the 3-day group (four clinical failures, one blood culture-positive post treatment, three relapses) (OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.7-5.5,p = 0.17). There were no significant differences in the mean (95% confidence interval) fever clearance times (h) [92 (82-102) vs 101 (93-110), p = 0.18] or duration of hospitalisation (d) [7.6 (7.2-8.1) vs 8.0 (7.6-8.4), p = 0.19] between the two groups. There was one failure in the four eligible children infected with an Na(R) isolate of S. typhi. No adverse events were attributable to the ofloxacin. These results extend previous observations on the efficacy of short courses of ofloxacin for children with uncomplicated multi-drug-resistant typhoid fever. 相似文献
93.
Post-hypoxic myoclonus induces Fos expression in the reticular thalamic nucleus and neurons in the brainstem 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Post-hypoxic myoclonus is a movement disorder characterized by brief, sudden involuntary muscle jerks. Although the mechanism underlying this disorder remains unclear, earlier pharmacological studies indicated that aberrant activity of specific neuronal circuitry in the central nervous system causes this disorder. In the present study, Fos protein, an immediate-early gene product, was used as a marker of neuronal activity to identify the brain nuclei possibly involved in post-hypoxic myoclonus. We found that Fos protein was immunologically detected in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RT), the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) as well as in the locus coeruleus (LC) and the periventricular gray substance (PVG) in post-hypoxic rats that developed myoclonus in response to auditory stimuli. Fos was not detected in these nuclei from rats that underwent 4 min of cardiac arrest without myoclonus. Electrolytic lesions of the RT or MLF but not the LC/PVG significantly reduced auditory stimulated myoclonus in the post-hypoxic rats. The results suggest that neuronal activity in the RT and the MLF plays a contributing role in post-hypoxic myoclonus. 相似文献
94.
95.
On antenatal ultrasound assessment, an apparently solitary hydronephrotic kidney was identified, confirmed on postnatal ultrasound examination. More detailed postnatal investigations revealed the diagnosis of crossed renal ectopia. 相似文献
96.
Focal FDG uptake in mediastinal brown fat mimicking malignancy: a potential pitfall resolved on PET/CT 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Truong MT Erasmus JJ Munden RF Marom EM Sabloff BS Gladish GW Podoloff DA Macapinlac HA 《AJR. American journal of roentgenology》2004,183(4):1127-1132
OBJECTIVE: A potential source of false-positive FDG PET interpretations in oncologic imaging is FDG uptake in brown fat. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, location, and appearance of hypermetabolic brown fat in the mediastinum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All PET/CT scans obtained at our cancer institution from August to October 2003 were retrospectively reviewed for increased FDG uptake in the mediastinum localized to fat on CT. The following features were recorded: location, appearance, maximal standard uptake value (SUV(max)) of hypermetabolic mediastinal brown fat, and presence of extramediastinal brown fat. RESULTS: PET/CT scans were obtained in 845 oncologic patients. Fifteen patients (1.8%) with focal hypermetabolic mediastinal brown fat were identified: nine women and two men (age range, 27-79; mean, 55.1 years) and four children (age range, 5-16 years; mean, 10 years). Hypermetabolic mediastinal brown fat (mean SUV(max), 5.7) was more common in children (4/8) than in adults (11/837) and more common in women (9/372) than in men (2/465). Foci of hypermetabolic brown fat were localized to the paratracheal, paraesophageal, prevascular, and pericardial regions; interatrial septum; and azygoesophageal recess. Five patients had focal hypermetabolic brown fat isolated to the mediastinum. Ten patients also had extramediastinal hypermetabolic brown fat in the neck, thorax, and abdomen. There was no difference in the body weight (p = 0.876) or body mass index (p = 0.538) of patients with hypermetabolic brown fat compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. CONCLUSION: Hypermetabolic brown fat can be localized to the mediastinum and manifests as focal increased FDG uptake. Knowledge of this potential pitfall and precise localization with fusion PET/CT are important in preventing misinterpretation as malignancy. 相似文献
97.
Results after endoscopic treatment of postoperative upper gastrointestinal fistulas and leaks using combined Vicryl plug and fibrin glue 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Background The incidence of clinically relevant anastomotic leaks after upper gastrointestinal surgery is approximately 4% to 20%, and the associated mortality is up to 80%. Depending on the clinical presentation, the treatment options include surgery, conservative treatment with or without external drainage or endoscopic treatment.Methods This report presents nine cases of anastomotic leaks or fistulae after surgery for upper gastrointestinal cancers that were treated by insertion of a Vicryl plug and sealing with fibrin glue. Under sedation, all nine patients underwent endoscopic lavage of the cavity at the site of anastomotic leakage. The entrance to the cavity then was filled with Vicryl mesh and sealed off with fibrin glue. After the procedure, the patients underwent endoscopy and a water-soluble contrast study for assessment of the result.Results Seven of the nine patients had complete healing of the anastomotic leak or fistula after one to two endoscopic treatments. In one case, the treatment failed immediately because of a large and direct tracheoesophageal fistula. Another patient experienced recurrent intrathoracic abscesses after initial technical success.Conclusions Postoperative upper gastrointestinal fistulas or anastomotic leaks can be managed successfully with little morbidity by means of endoscopic insertion of Vicryl mesh with fibrin glue, thereby avoiding repetitive major surgery and its associated risks. 相似文献
98.
99.
Chorea refers to irregular, flowing, non-stereotyped, random, involuntary movements that often possess a writhing quality referred to as choreoathetosis. When mild, chorea can be difficult to differentiate from restlessness. When chorea is proximal and of large amplitude, it is called ballism. Chorea is usually worsened by anxiety and stress and subsides during sleep. Most patients attempt to disguise chorea by incorporating it into a purposeful activity. Whereas ballism is most often encountered as hemiballism due to contralateral structural lesions of the subthalamic nucleus and/or its afferent or efferent projections, chorea may be the expression of a wide range of disorders, including metabolic, infectious, inflammatory, vascular, and neurodegenerative, as well as drug induced syndromes. In clinical practice, Sydenham's chorea is the most common form of childhood chorea, whereas Huntington's disease and drug induced chorea account for the majority of adult onset cases. The aim of this review is to provide an up to date discussion of this disorder, as well as a practical approach to its management. 相似文献
100.
Yu RZ Geary RS Monteith DK Matson J Truong L Fitchett J Levin AA 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2004,93(1):48-59
This study examined the plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolism of three second generation antisense oligonucleotides in monkeys. Three groups of monkeys were treated with 10 mg/kg of each test compound by a single 2-h intravenous infusion. Oligonucleotide concentrations were measured in plasma, tissues, and urine using capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). HPLC-MS was used to identify the metabolite(s) of the study compounds. Plasma-concentration-time profiles after infusion for the two phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were mono-exponential, but was bi- exponential for the phosphodiester oligonucleotide. Plasma clearance for the phosphodiester oligonucleotide was four- to sevenfold higher than the two phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, which was attributed to the plasma protein binding and reduced nuclease resistance. 2'-O-(2-methoxy) ethyl (MOE) modification at both 3' and 5' ends of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide greatly enhanced the resistance to nucleases in plasma and tissue. MOE modification only at the 3' end enhanced the resistance to nucleases in plasma, but only moderately enhanced the resistance to nucleases in tissues. Urinary excretion was a minor elimination pathway for the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, but was a major elimination pathway for the phosphodiester oligonucleotide. The results characterize the relationships between structure and disposition and will direct future modifications for therapeutic use. 相似文献