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71.
Pentoxifylline in vivo down-regulates the release of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
P Neuner G Klosner E Schauer M Pourmojib W Macheiner C Grünwald R Knobler A Schwarz T A Luger T Schwarz 《Immunology》1994,83(2):262-267
72.
Klaus Hager Uwe Machein Stephan Krieger Dieter Platt Gerhard Seefried Joachim Bauer 《Neurobiology of aging》1994,15(6):771-772
In the present study, interleukin-6(IL-6) and several acute phase proteins were measured in healthy participants (23–87 years of age). A linear correlation between IL-6 and age was established with an increase of 0.016 pg/ml(00.004) per year of life. Whereas CRP remained below 0.5 mg/dl in all participants, an increase with age for fibrinogen and an inverse relation for albumin as well as transferrin were obtained. However, the increase of IL-6 did not correlate with any of these changes. IL-6 associated diseases may therefore occur more often with advancing age, but in healthy participants IL-6 does not explain the changing plasma protein pattern resembling that of an acute phase reaction. 相似文献
73.
Walther Seiler Hermann Wetzel Andreas Hillert Günter Schöllnhammer Michael Langer Uwe Barlage Christoph Hiemke 《Psychopharmacology》1994,116(4):457-463
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of benperidol were determined in 13 schizophrenic patients after acute administration of 6 mg benperidol as an intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection, orally as liquid, and orally as tablets using a partially randomized cross-over design. Drug plasma levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and subjected to model independent pharmacokinetic analyses. After i.v. dosing the geometric means (mean-g) were 3.2 min for the distribution half-life, 5.80 h for the elimination half-life (t
1/2), 4.21 l/kg for the distribution volume, 7.50 h for the mean residence time (MRT), and 0.50 l/(h*kg) for the clearance. After oral administration as liquid and as tablet mean-g data for the time lag until the first appearance of measurable plasma concentrations were 0.33 and 1.1 h, mean-g
t
1/2 values were 5.5 and 4.7 h, respectively, mean-g t
max data were 1.0 h and 2.7 h, mean-g MRT values were 8.44 and 8.84 h, and mean-g C
max
maxvalues were 10.2 and 7.3 ng/ml. Differences between liquid and tablet administration were statistically significant for time lag,t
max, andC
max. Mean-g absolute bioavailabilities were computed as 48.6% after liquid and 40.2% after tablet administration respectively. All parameters studied exhibited large intersubject variation. The plasma concentrations of the presumed metabolite reduced benperidol were found to be very low. 相似文献
74.
Therapy of small breast cancer - four-year results of a prospective non-randomized study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. F. Rauschecker R. Sauer A. Schauer M. Schumacher M. Olschewski W. Sauerbrei M. H. Seegenschmiedt C. Schmoor 《Breast cancer research and treatment》1995,34(1):1-13
Background: In the early 1980s breast preservation was a rarely applied therapeutic modality in the primary treatment of breast cancer in the Federal Republic of Germany. Reports coming from retrospective studies as well as preliminary results from randomized trials made it desirable to introduce breast preservation in the form of a controlled clinical trial.
Study design: In stage pT1 N0 M0 breast cancer, mastectomy as the standard treatment was to be compared with radiotherapy of the remaining breast tissue. The study design originally planned as a randomized trial had to be changed into a prospective observation study due to the low randomization rate. Univariate analysis of prognostic variables was the first step to a valid treatment comparison. Those factors determined as being significant were included together with the treatment effects in a multivariate analysis. A high therapeutic standard was guaranteed by quality control.
Results: 1036 out of 1119 recruited patients are evaluable. After a median follow-up of 48 months the following preliminary results can be reported. With the exception of death without recurrence from breast cancer, the 143 events are evenly distributed among the two treatment groups. Locoregional recurrence of the whole patient population was 5%. Out of all prognostic factors examined only tumor size and grading are significant in regard to recurrent disease. Recurrence-free survival decreased in cases with uncertain tumor margins, whereas the width of the margin had no influence on recurrent disease. There was no significant difference in quality of life between the two treatment groups.
Conclusions: The four-year results of this study are in accordance with those of other breast preservation trials: There is no significant difference between the two treatment groups in the occurrence of locoregional failure. Incomplete tumorectomy has a negative influence on recurrence. Quality of life seems more dependent on the acceptance of the therapy by the patient than on the therapeutic modality itself. Breast preservation can also be performed appropriately in smaller institutions if the therapeutic standard is guaranteed by quality control.This study was sponsored by the Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT) of the Federal Republic of Germany. 相似文献
75.
Robert M. Mader Harald Zilg Otto Schlappack Günther G. Steger Martina Baur Bertold Greifenberg Uwe Heberle Christian Dittrich 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1995,37(1-2):91-96
Improved quality of life has gained importance over shortly lasting remissions in yet incurable metastatic breast cancer. Fractionation of drug administration is one of the possible approaches to reduce the concentration-dependent toxicity of anthracyclines. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of 4-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP-ADM) under weekly administration in patients with advanced breast cancer (dose escalation, from 20 to 27 mg/m2 THP-ADM). The concentration-time curves of THP-ADM in plasma were best described by an open three-compartment model [half-life of the first disposition phase (t1/2), 3.15 min; terminal elimination half-life (t
1/2), 13.9 h] with a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 12.2 ng h ml–1mg–1m–2, resulting in a mean plasma clearance of 86.91 h–1m–2. Metabolism included the formation of Adriamycin (ADM), Adriamycinol (ADM-OH), 13-dihydro-4-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP-OH), 7-deoxyadriamycinone (7H-ADn), and 7-deoxy-13-dihydroadrimycinone (7H-ADn-OH), with maximal plasma concentrations ranging from 2.8 to 5.5 ng/ml. The mean total amount of cytotoxic anthracyclines excreted into urine, mainly as the parent drug, was 5% of the delivered dose. ADM and ADM-OH, but not the parent drug, were observed in urine at up to 4 weeks after the last therapeutic cycle. There was a significant correlation between the leukocyte nadir under therapy and the AUC of ADM-OH (r=0.800,P<0.05). Since no shift in the plasma kinetics was observed from the first to the sixth cycle, the favorable ratio of the AUCs of THP-ADM and ADM after fractionation of THP-ADM suggests lower toxic side effects attributable to ADM. This hypothesis was confirmed in a clinical study, where no severe cardiotoxicity and only mild alopecia were observed in 19 patients. Thus, pharmacokinetics studies might be helpful in both individualization of therapy with THP-ADM and optimization of the administration schedule. 相似文献
76.
Aleksic I Saldaña F Busch T Basenau D Sîrbu H Schauer A Dalichau H 《The Annals of thoracic surgery》1999,67(1):224-225
A 66-year-old woman was referred for coronary bypass operation to the left anterior descending and the circumflex arteries. She had a systemic inflammatory process of unknown origin. On opening the pericardium, fibrotic plaques encircling the entire ascending aorta were found. Aortic cannulation and proximal anastomosis of the planned vein graft were impossible. The right internal mammary was anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery, the left to the obtuse marginal after femoral arterial cannulation. Pathologic examination revealed idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis. 相似文献
77.
MRI findings in Hirayama’s disease: flexion-induced cervical myelopathy or intrinsic motor neuron disease? 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Schröder R Keller E Flacke S Schmidt S Pohl C Klockgether T Schlegel U 《Journal of neurology》1999,246(11):1069-1074
Hirayama’s disease is a benign juvenile form of focal amyotrophy affecting the upper limbs. Previous studies have suggested
that the disorder is a neck flexion induced cervical myelopathy. We report clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings
in nine patients with Hirayama’s disease. Cervical imaging of seven patients revealed spinal cord changes consisting of focal
atrophy and foci of signal alterations. On neck flexion a forward movement and mild reduction in the anteroposterior diameter
of the lower cervical cord against the vertebral bodies was noted in affected individuals as well as in five normal controls.
In contrast to earlier reports, none of our patients showed complete obliteration of the posterior subarachnoid space. Measurement
of the anteroposterior spinal cord diameter in each vertebral segment (C4–C7) revealed no significant differences in the degree
of spinal cord flattening between the two groups. Furthermore, two of our patients had significant degenerative changes in
the cervical spine (disc herniation, retrospondylosis) contralateral to the clinically affected side. These degenerative changes
resulted in a marked cord compression on neck flexion but were not associated with ipsilateral clinical abnormalities or spinal
cord alterations. Our results argue against a flexion-induced cervical myelopathy and support the view that Hirayama’s disease
is an intrinsic motor neuron disease.
Received: 15 March 1999 Received in revised form: 25 May 1999 Accepted: 1 June 1999 相似文献
78.
Seitz RJ Knorr U Azari NP Herzog H Freund HJ 《Restorative neurology and neuroscience》1999,14(1):25-33
Recovery of finger movements after hemiparetic stroke has been shown to involve sensorimotor brain areas in perilesional and remote locations. Hand use, however, critically depends on visual guidance in such patients with stroke lesions in the middle cerebral artery territory. Using regional cerebral blood flow measurements, we wished to identify interrelated brain areas that are engaged in relation to manual activity in seven patients after their first hemiparetic brain infarction. During the blind-folded performance of sequential finger movements, the patients differed significantly from healthy controls (n = 7) by the recruitment of a predominantly contralesional network involving visual cortical areas, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Greater expression of this cortical-subcortical network correlated with a more severe sensorimotor deficit in the acute stage after stroke reflecting its role for post-stroke recovery. Patients also differed from controls on a lesion-related pattern expressed during rest. A third differentiating pattern involved the ipsilesional supplementary motor area and the contralesional premotor cortex. Our results suggest that post-stroke recovery form impaired sensorimotor integration utilizes crossmodal plasticity of a visual network. 相似文献
79.
Important inroads are being made into understanding the pathophysiology of diarrhea. Clear understanding of key mechanisms
should suggest new approaches to combat disease. Exciting developments are occurring in terms of super-ORS solutions, particularly
with the promise of short chained glucose polymers and glutamine. Perhaps the most important development is the prospect of
a good rotavirus vaccine being available before the end of the decade.
Chronic diarrhea seems to be on the increase globally, probably because of the success of ORS. The mechanisms that lead to
mucosal injury are elusive, and therapy still largely supportive and empiric. Celiac disease continues to be a puzzle, because
of the uncomfortable feeling that a majority of cases may be missed because of atypical presentations. The successful use
of long term parenteral nutrition has allowed survival and better charaterization of cases that otherwise would have perished
as ‘lethal protracted diarrhea’. Microvillus inclusion disease may be the commonest congenital secretory diarrhea. The role
of the recently reported high prevalence of glucoamlase deficiency may be important. Lastly, attention to micronutrients,
particularly low vitamin A and probably zinc may prove to be important in prevention and amelioration of diarrhea and growth
failure. 相似文献
80.