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61.
High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of the hands and wrists of six healthy volunteers were obtained at 1.5 T with a surface coil. Additionally, the hands and wrists of two fresh cadavers were imaged and were subsequently sectioned for anatomic correlation. High contrast when depicting soft-tissue, coupled with impressive spatial resolution and multiplanar capabilities, enabled delineation of fine structures including nerves, tendons, and blood vessels. Osseous and cartilaginous structures were also well depicted. MR imaging gives anatomic definition of the hand and wrist unmatched by other diagnostic imaging methods. 相似文献
62.
Benign cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum is a well-defined but rare entity. A total of 35 instances have been reported, almost all in adults, the majority females. Cystic mesotheliomas have, until recently, been labeled cystic lymphangiomas or lymphohemangiomas. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy who, despite only subtotal resection of his abdominal mass, is well and recurrence free 9 months after surgery. The role of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in diagnosis is emphasized. 相似文献
63.
JOHN L. DAY KLAUS JOHANSEN OM P. GANDA J. STUART SOELDNER RAY E. GLEASON WENDY MIDGLEY 《Clinical endocrinology》1978,9(5):443-454
An experimental model is described which can be used to study substrate and hormone responses to normal meals administered in very near normal circumstances. After 500, 300 and 125 calorie meals, the relative proportion of fat or protein content did not influence the plasma glucose except for minor differences between the high protein-high fat meals. The insulin response to such meals was correlated positively with the increment in glucose but reduction of protein content below 8 g caused a significant reduction in the increment in plasma insulin per unit increase in plasma glucose. Alterations in protein content above 8 g made no difference. Fat content of the meal did not significantly alter the insulin response. No evidence was obtained for a major component of insulin release attributable to either bulk or pre-absorption phenomena such as sight or smell. It is concluded that a significant accentuation of the insulin response to meals is dependent on a minimum amount of protein and that this is probably mediated by one of the gastro-intestinal hormones. Glucagon release is dependent on protein and carbohydrate content of the meal and is independent of the fat content. There may also be an early stimulation of glucagon release, regardless of content, which may also be hormonally mediated. 相似文献
64.
Sivaraman L; Stephens LC; Markaverich BM; Clark JA; Krnacik S; Conneely OM; O'Malley BW; Medina D 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(9):1573-1581
One of the most consistent results in the epidemiology of human breast
cancer is the inverse relationship of risk and early full-term parity. The
goal of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms through
which early full-term pregnancy protects the breast from cancer
development. We used Wistar-Furth (WF) rats as our experimental system and
mimicked pregnancy using estrogen and progesterone (E/P). Sexually mature
female rats were treated with steroid hormones for 21 days and after 28
days of gland involution, the rats were administered MNU. Rats that
received a high dose of 20 microg E and 20 mg P exhibited an 82% reduction
in the incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas as compared to the rats
receiving only blank pellets. Decreasing doses of E/P were partially
protective suggesting that complete differentiation of the gland was not
required for refractoriness. We measured the RNA expression levels of
several target genes involved in the regulation of mammary cell
proliferation and/or differentiation including estrogen receptor (ER) and
progesterone receptor (PR), cyclins D1 and D2, the cell cycle inhibitors
p16, p21 and p27, and the tumor suppressor p53. At the time of MNU
treatment we found no significant differences in the expression of these
genes, with the possible exception of p21, indicating that hormone
treatment did not result in constitutive changes in expression levels. The
numbers of apoptotic cells were low and comparable in the hormone exposed
and age-matched virgin gland (AMV) at the time of carcinogen challenge and
remained low for 8 days after MNU treatment. The number of BrdU-labeled
cells at the time of carcinogen challenge were also low in both the AMV
(1.8%) and hormone exposed (0.8%) animals. In contrast, cell proliferation
in the AMV (5.7%) was significantly different from both the parous
involuted (1.2%) and the E/P-treated involuted (1.5%) animals 8 days after
MNU treatment. We interpret these data to indicate that hormone treatment
results in mammary epithelial cells that have persistent alterations in
intracellular pathways governing proliferation responses to carcinogens.
相似文献
65.
66.
Laudanno O Vasconcelos L Catalana J Cesolari J 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2006,51(12):2180-2183
The anti-inflammatory effect of Bioflora probiotic administered orally or subcutaneously with viable or nonviable bacteria was analyzed in two experimental models
of randomly selected female Wistar rats. The use of indomethacin at a dose of 50 mg/kg was associated with gastric necrotic
lesions and multiple erosions of the small intestine, with marked mucosal neutrophil infiltrate measured by myeloperoxidase
(MPO). Probiotics prevented both gastrointestinal lesions and neutrophil infiltrate (p < 0.001). In the model of carrageenin-induced plantar edema in the rat, the oral or subcutaneous administration of Bioflora with live or dead bacteria proved to prevent plantar edema (p < 0.001). We concluded that Bioflora probiotic given orally or subcutaneously with live or dead bacteria has an anti-inflammatory effect. 相似文献
67.
Switched surface coil system for bilateral MR imaging 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
68.
Bacterial renal infection: role of CT 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The imaging studies done on 62 patients hospitalized for acute renal infections were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-six (58%) had one or more abscesses, 17 (27%) had focal or diffuse acute bacterial nephritis, five (8%) had pyonephrosis, and four (6%) had pyelonephritis. All had prolonged fever (greater than or equal to 72 hours) and leukocytosis. Among 25 patients examined with both ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT), US failed to depict three of five (60%) cases of acute bacterial nephritis and seven of 15 (47%) intrarenal and extrarenal abscesses. One renal abscess was misdiagnosed as a tumor at CT. US is not an adequate screening test for detecting lesions that may require invasive therapy. CT is more sensitive for the detection of acute renal inflammatory disease and for defining the extent of disease for planning of radiologic or surgical intervention. 相似文献
69.
Background
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis B Virus (HIV/HBV) co-infection in Nigerian children has emerged as a major concern with the advent of HAART. Its impact on the immune system and liver has not been extensively studied in children.Objectives
To determine the prevalence of HBV seropositivity among HIV positive children on HAART and its effect on immune response and liver enzymes.Methods
All consecutive HIV positive children aged two months to seventeen years on HAART constituted the study population. Age and gender; CD4+ count, ALT, creatinine and HBsAg were tested and documented at enrolment and 12months.Results
One hundred and seventy one patients were seen over this period. Seventy-two (43.4%) were males while 94 (56.6%) were females giving a male: female ratio of 1:1.3. The mean age of the patients was 63±43.4 months. Prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection was 6.02% (95% CI 2.4–9.7). There was no significant effect of HBV status on elevation of ALT levels with 12 months of HAART. Co-infected patients had an odds ratio of achieving immune response of 0.14 (95% CI 0.02–0.79).Conclusion
HIV/HBV co-infection rates in our children are comparable to other localities. ALT levels do not worsen with HAART and immune response of the co-infected children on HAART is lower. 相似文献70.