Exploring the anticancer activities of novel bioactive compounds derived from endophytic fungi: mechanisms of action,current challenges and future perspectives

Cancer is the second leading cause of death all around the world. The natural compounds derived from the endophytic flora of fungi are possible solutions to cancer treatment because they are safe for health, cost-effective, biocompatible and have fewer toxicity issues. The active ingredients in endophytic fungi that are responsible for anti-cancer activities are alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponin, peptides, steroids, phenols, quinones, and flavonoids. This review highlights the anti-cancer activities of entophytic fungus against human papillary thyroid carcinoma (IHH4), human pancreatic (PANC-1), ovarian (OVCAR-3), hepatic (HepG2), lung (A-549), human lymphoma (U937), human skin carcinoma (A431), breast (MCF-7), and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The emerging evidence suggested that bioactive compounds isolated from endophytic fungi showed their anti-cancer activities by revealing the disturbance of the microtubule network caused by increased levels of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins that triggers cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase, by inhibiting the DNA replication via binding with topoisomerase II, by regulating the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and NF-kB, by evaluating the levels of p21, p27, and cyclins B/D1/E that led to cell death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. This review will assist readers in better comprehending bioactive chemicals and the beneficial interaction between the fungal endophytes and medicinal plants.     

丙泊酚治疗难治性癫痫持续状态的临床研究进展

难治性癫痫持续状态是一种严重的内科急症,具有很高的死亡率,临床治疗非常棘手。近年来,越来越多的临床研究和病例报告显示,丙泊酚（又名异丙酚）对难治性癫痫持续状态有较好的疗效,但治疗过程中也有发生严重并发症的危险。本文综述了近年来丙泊酚治疗难治性癫痫持续状态的临床研究进展及其可能的作用机制。     

Anti fi larial potential of the fruits and leaves extracts of Pongamia pinnata on cattle filarial parasite Setaria cervi

The effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the fruits and leaves of Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Merr. (Syn. Pongamia glabra Vent, leguminosae) on the spontaneous movements of both the whole worm and the nerve-muscle preparation of Setaria cervi and on the survival of micro fi lariae in vitro was studied. The aqueous and alcohol extracts of fruits and the alcohol extract of leaves caused an inhibition of spontaneous movements of the whole worm and the nerve-muscle preparation of S. cervi. The initial stimulatory effect was not observed with the aqueous extract of fruits on the nerve-muscle preparation. The concentration required to inhibit the movements of the whole worm preparation was 250 micro g/mL for aqueous, 120 micro g/mL for alcohol extract of fruits and 270 microgram/mL for alcohol extracts of the leaves. The concentrations of P. pinnata extracts required to produce an equivalent effect on the nerve-muscle preparation were 25 micro g/mL, 5 micro g/mL and 20 micro g/mL, respectively, suggesting a cuticular permeability barrier.     

实脾固肾化瘀方治疗慢性肾炎疗效观察

目的观察实脾固肾化瘀方治疗慢性肾炎的临床疗效。方法 60例慢性肾炎患者随机分为两组。治疗组32例采用实脾固肾化瘀方治疗,对照组28例给予蒙诺口服,疗程3个月。观察两组治疗前后证候积分、24h尿蛋白定量和肾功能变化。结果治疗后,治疗组部分证候积分明显降低（P〈0.01）,且治疗组低于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗组24h尿蛋白定量明显降低（P〈0.05）;两组肾功能变化无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;治疗组的临床疗效优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论实脾固肾化瘀方治疗慢性肾炎有较好的临床疗效。     

C57BL／6-gfp小鼠嗅球神经干细胞的培养鉴定及耳蜗核移植

目的建立C57BL／6－gfp小鼠嗅球神经干细胞体外培养的方法,并初步应用于大鼠耳蜗核定位移植。方法培养C57BL／6－gfp小鼠胚胎嗅球神经千细胞,传代并进行分化实验及鉴定后将其立体定位注射于大鼠耳蜗核。结果所培养的神经干细胞生长良好,可稳定传代,能够分化为3种神经细胞。定位注射后可在局部见到绿色荧光阳性的细胞团。结论该方法培养的C57BL／6-gfp小鼠胚胎嗅球神经干细胞可稳定传代并可以作为荧光标记细胞进行移植实验。     

以第二课堂为载体培养学生科研创新能力探讨

营养与食品卫生教研室在学校深化教育改革倡导下,为提高预防医学专业学生综合素质和培养创新思维,将科研课题精心设计并移植到第二课堂教学中,依托学院开展的“预防论坛”形式积极参与打擂。该次有益的尝试为医学生提前介入科学研究,提高对科研的认知,培养高素质科研专才起到了积极作用。     

《中药鉴定学》创新性实验方法探讨研究——贵州省道地药材天麻、杜仲、吴茱萸的真伪鉴定与质量评价

目的：探索生药学创新性的实验方法及培养学生的创新思维、动手能力和团队协作精神的作用。方法：在教师的指导下,成立3个学生课题小组,分别选取贵州道地药材药材天麻、杜仲、吴茱萸,通过文献查阅与综述、药材市场调查与样品收集、药材鉴定、质量评价、实验记录与报告书写等完成相应的研究工作。结果：学生掌握了如何进行文献查阅与综述,如何开展药材市场调查,怎样收集到合格的药材,如何制定实验方案,物资准备包括哪些内容,选用什么样的性状、显微、理化鉴定方法对药材进行鉴定,如何评价中药的质量,如何正确书写实验记录与报告。结论：通过具体的实验项目使学生了解进行中药品种鉴定与质量评价的基本思路、方法与程序;通过与本学科课堂理论学习结合,增加学生学习兴趣,提高学生参与科学实验的积极性,培养学生的创新思维;通过实验过程的全程参与,特别是样品收集、物资准备和实验操作的锻炼,学生的动手能力普遍提高;通过课题小组的分工与协作,锻炼学生独立从事及完成一项任务的能力,改善学生之间、学生与社会之间沟通及协作能力。     

开展营养与食品卫生学第二课堂 提高军队学员卫勤保障综合技能

在军事预防医学本科生第九学期的营养与食品卫生学习阶段,开展"部队食堂食品卫生监督"为主题的第二课堂实践活动,旨在提高军队学员综合卫勤保障能力及综合素质。     

不同类型糖代谢紊乱与老年危重病人APACHEⅡ评分相关性分析

目的:探讨不同类型的糖代谢紊乱与老年危重病人APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。方法:将147例内科危重病人分成3组(原有糖尿病组、应激性高血糖组和正常血糖组),分析比较三组病人在APACHEⅡ评分和病死率的区别。结果:糖尿病组、应激性高血糖组的APACHEⅡ评分和死亡率高于血糖正常组,以应激性高血糖组最为明显。结论:各种糖代谢紊乱均可加重老年危重病人的病情发展,尤其要重视应激性高血糖的处理。