桥型椎间融合器(ROI-C)在手术治疗外伤性颈椎间盘突出症中的应用

目的探讨桥型椎间融合器(ROI-C)在颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗外伤性颈椎间盘突出症中应用的价值及效果。方法回顾性分析自2013-06—2015-02采用桥型椎间融合器(ROI-C)进行颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定术治疗的24例外伤性颈椎间盘突出症。比较术前、术后7 d、术后6个月及末次随访时的临床及影像学指标。结果本组手术时间75~110 min,平均93 min;术中出血量80~200 ml,平均110 ml。24例均获得随访10~29个月,平均18个月。术后2例出现暂时性吞咽困难,Bazaz分级均为轻度吞咽困难,对症处理1周后缓解。术后7 d、术后6个月、末次随访时的JOA评分、VAS评分、NDI指数、Cobb角、颈椎曲度及椎间高度较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月、末次随访时的JOA评分、VAS评分、NDI指数较术后7 d进一步改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而术后6个月及末次随访时比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月、末次随访时的Cobb角、颈椎曲度及椎间高度维持良好,与术后7 d比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈前路椎间融合器ROI-C具有零切迹及自稳定的特性,在融合节段获得骨性融合的同时,减少了颈前路内固定系统的相关并发症,其应用于治疗外伤性颈椎间盘突出症安全有效。     

PVP术中椎体骨折线内骨水泥弥散情况对疗效的影响

目的探讨经皮椎体成形(PVP)术中骨水泥在椎体骨折线内弥散情况对疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析自2014-01—2016-11行PVP治疗的20例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折,根据椎体骨折线内骨水泥弥散情况分为2组(各10例),A组骨水泥在椎体骨折线内充分弥散,B组骨水泥在椎体骨折线内弥散不均匀。比较2组术后4 d、3个月ODI指数、VAS评分、局部后凸Cobb角,以及并发症情况。结果20例均获得3~6(3.82±0.26)个月随访。术后3个月时,A组未出现并发症,B组出现1例椎体再骨折、2例椎体塌陷;B组并发症发生率高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后4 d、3个月的ODI指数、VAS评分、局部后凸Cobb角均较术前明显改善,而且A组术后4 d的ODI指数、VAS评分、局部后凸Cobb角明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PVP治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折可明显改善功能障碍与缓解疼痛程度,但骨水泥在椎体骨折线内弥散不佳会对早期疗效造成影响,甚至可能导致后凸畸形。     

慢传输型便秘患者粪菌移植治疗的护理

目的总结30例慢传输型便秘患者行粪菌移植(FMT)治疗的护理方法。方法对30例慢传输型便秘患者行粪菌移植治疗。治疗前做好入院宣教、供体护理、受者肠道准备,配制移植菌液,经鼻肠管注入菌液,移植后密切观察不良反应并做好饮食指导。结果经粪菌移植治疗后第12周,11例(36.7%)患者获得临床治愈,18例(60.0%)获得临床改善,1例无效。患者自主排便次数从治疗前的平均1.2次/周逐渐增加,至12周达4.2次/周。治疗后不同时间点生活质量评分显著低于治疗前(P0.05,P0.01)。结论粪菌移植治疗慢传输型便秘效果良好。在粪菌移植治疗中,供体筛查的准确性、菌液提取与配制、移植前后患者适应性以及移植后肠康复中饮食、活动指导等是护理的重点。     

MRI上腰椎终板信号改变的影响因素分析———性别、体重、劳动量及吸烟与Modic改变的相关性

目的:探讨腰腿痛患者腰椎MRI上终板Modic改变的分布特点及其相关因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2009年2月～2010年10月收治的210例腰腿痛患者腰椎MRI中Modic改变的发生率及类型,并评估Modic改变与性别、体重、劳动量及吸烟等因素的相关性。结果:47例患者共58个椎间盘邻近椎板存在Modic改变,占入选患者的22.4%。其中男16例;女31例,ModicⅠ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的人数分别为16例、25例、6例,出现Modic改变的节段为L5/S1(28个)、L4/5(17个)、L3/4(9个)、L2/3(4个)。在肥胖人群中Modic改变的发生率高于正常体重和超重人群(P<0.05),重体力劳动者的发生率高于一般劳动者(P<0.05),劳动量和体重与ModicⅢ型改变有相关性(P<0.05),与其他分型无明显相关性(P>0.05)。吸烟与Modic改变无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:患者的性别、体重及劳动量等因素与Modic改变的发生具有相关性,生物力学损伤可能在Modic改变中发挥着重要作用。     

自体半腱肌重建外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的疗效分析

目的 :探讨采用自体半腱肌重建外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效。方法 :回顾性分析2014年9月至2016年11月采用自体半腱肌肌腱重建踝关节外侧副韧带治疗28例踝关节外侧不稳患者的临床资料,其中男20例,女8例;平均年龄28.6岁(18~47岁)。记录围术期并发症,并采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝关节评分标准评价术后功能改善情况,采用视觉模拟标尺法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)评估患者术后疼痛情况。结果 :28例患者均获得随访,时间6~28个月,平均18.2个月。围术期未出现医源性骨折及切口感染等严重手术并发症。末次随访时未出现踝关节不稳或踝关节活动受限,未出现膝部肌腱供区肌肉功能障碍。AOFAS评分由术前的53.1±6.8提高至术后的90.4±5.9,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。VAS评分由术前的6.3±1.7提高至术后的0.8±0.5,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用自体半腱肌解剖重建踝关节外侧副韧带手术方式简便,术后恢复好,无严重并发症,临床疗效好,是治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的可靠方法之一。     

Lower cortisol response in high‐resilient caregivers of people with autism: the role of anger

Caring for an offspring with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been related to high stress levels and health disturbances. However, a protective effect against these negative health outcomes has been described in high‐resilient caregivers. In this context, the main aim of the present study was to assess the association between resilient coping and cortisol response to acute stress in caregivers of people with ASD. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore the mediating role of anger in this association. We exposed 40 caregivers of people with ASD to an acute psychosocial stressor in the laboratory. Salivary cortisol samples were obtained before, during, and after the stressor. Resilient coping, anger, and socio‐demographic variables were also assessed. Resilient coping was negatively correlated with cortisol response. Specifically, cortisol release was lower in high‐resilient than low‐resilient caregivers. Anger was positively correlated with cortisol response, mediating the association with resilient coping. The observed associations of resilient coping and anger with cortisol response indicate that these variables may affect health outcomes, resilience being protective and anger harmful. Psychotherapeutic interventions focused on strengthening resilience and anger management could benefit caregivers, improving their health status and quality of life.     

Cognitive processing in the aftermath of relationship dissolution: Associations with concurrent and prospective distress and posttraumatic growth

Non‐marital romantic relationship dissolution is amongst the most stressful life events experienced by young adults. Yet, some individuals experience posttraumatic growth following relationship dissolution. Little is known about the specific and differential contribution of trait‐like and event‐specific cognitive processing styles to each of these outcomes. A longitudinal design was employed in which trait‐like (brooding and reflection) and dissolution‐specific (intrusive and deliberate) cognitive processing was examined as predictors of growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory) and distress (Breakup Distress Scale) following a recent relationship dissolution. Initially, 148 participants completed measures of trait‐like and dissolution‐specific cognitive processing, growth, and distress (T1). A subsample completed a seven‐month follow‐up (T2). Higher frequency of relationship‐dissolution intrusive thoughts predicted concurrent distress after accounting for brooding and relationship characteristics. Further, higher brooding and lower reflection predicted higher distress prospectively. Concurrent growth was predicted by both higher brooding and more deliberate relationship‐dissolution thoughts. Prospectively, T1 dissolution intrusive thoughts predicted higher T2 deliberate thoughts, and the interaction between these two constructs predicted higher T2 growth. Therefore, deliberately thinking of the dissolution was related to positive psychological outcomes. In contrast, intrusive dissolution cognitions and a tendency for brooding had a mixed (paradoxical) association with psychological adjustment.     

Tolerance of Vascularized Islet‐Kidney Transplants in Rhesus Monkeys

We previously reported that transplantation (Tx) of prevascularized donor islets as composite islet‐kidneys (IK) reversed diabetic hyperglycemia in both miniature swine and baboons. In order to enhance this strategy's potential clinical applicability, we have now combined this approach with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) Tx in an attempt to induce tolerance in nonhuman primates. IKs were prepared by isolating islets from 70% partial pancreatectomies and injecting them beneath the autologous renal capsule of five rhesus monkey donors at least 3 months before allogeneic IK Tx. HSC Tx was performed after mobilization and leukapheresis of the donors and conditioning of the recipients with total body irradiation, T cell depletion, and cyclosporine. One IK was harvested for histologic analysis and four were transplanted into diabetic recipients. IK Tx was performed either 20–22 (n = 3) or 208 (n = 1) days after HSC Tx. All animals accepted IKs without rejection. All recipients required >20 U/day insulin before IK Tx to maintain <200 mg/dL, whereas after IK Tx, three animals required minimal doses of insulin (1–3 U/day) and one animal was insulin free. These results constitute a proof‐of‐principle that this IK tolerance strategy may provide a cure for both end‐stage renal disease and diabetes without the need for immunosuppression.