丁公藤碱Ⅱ类似物的合成及其生物活性

本文设计合成了丁公藤碱Ⅱ的C_2脱氧和C_8电子等排类似物。药理结果表明,丁公藤碱Ⅱ的C_2羟基是保持其缩瞳活性的关键部分之一;目的物2和4各自分别具有拟和抗胆碱活性;电子等排目的物16和17既无拟也无抗胆碱作用。     

Comorbidity,limitations in activities and pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee

Background  

This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the influence of comorbidity in OA. The objectives of the study were (i) to describe the prevalence of comorbidity and (ii) to describe the relationship between comorbidity (morbidity count, severity and the presence of specific diseases) and limitations in activities and pain in elderly patients with knee or hip OA using a comprehensive inventory of comorbidity.     

Can sodium contents of foods be reduced by adding flavors? Studies with beef broth

Two experiments were conducted to investigate what effect the addition of spicy/herbal flavoring (allspice, marjoram, onion) and monosodium glutamate would have on the preferred level of saltiness in beef broth. First, subjects (N = 34) were asked to prepare ad lib mixtures according to their own preference of pairs of unsalted and salted broths: each pair was flavored with varying combinations of the four flavorants. Regardless of the flavor combination, the subsequent chemical analysis of mixtures indicated identical contents of NaCl (mean value 1.1% for all four combinations). Second, subjects (N = 38) rated the pleasantness of broths with 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, and 1.7% NaCl under three sets of conditions: unflavored, flavored with allspice, majoram, onion and monosodium glutamate, and flavored with glutamate only. All samples but the one with a NaCl content of 0.5% were rated equally pleasant; the latter was rated somewhat less pleasant. The results provide no support for the widely held belief that other flavors, e.g., spices or herbs, might compensate for lower saltiness of foods.     

Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Perceived Intensity and Pleasantness of Androstenone Odor: An International Twin Study

We estimated the genetic and environmental components of variation in perceived intensity and pleasantness of androstenone, an odorous compound showing specific anosmia, by modeling twin data from Finland, Denmark, the UK, and Australia. The pooled data comprised 917 twin individuals (338 are male and 579 are female; aged from 10 to 83years) including 126 complete monozygous and 264 dizygous twin pairs as well as 137 twin individuals without their co-twin. They rated intensity and pleasantness of androstenone and citronellal (control) odors using nine categories. Additive genetic effects (heritability) contributed 28 and 21% to the variation in the perceived intensity and pleasantness of androstenone, respectively, but negligibly to variations in citronellal perception. A strong genetic correlation existed between the intensity and pleasantness of androstenone, whereas the environmental correlation was negligible. These results suggest that both intensity and pleasantness of androstenone are moderately influenced by genetic factors and that the traits are modified by an overlapping set of genes.     

遗传性牙釉质发育不全家系分析

目的:分析一遗传性牙釉质发育不全家系的发病情况及病变特征,明确其遗传方式,为进一步基因定位和克隆奠定基础。方法:2003-05在中国山东某市发现一遗传性牙釉质发育不全家系,先证者为1名43岁男性牙釉质发育不全患者。该家系现存活3代,共有36名家庭成员。对先证者及其家族进行口腔检查和全身检查,制备牙齿磨片镜下观察,对该患者及其亲属成员进行家系调查,系谱分析,明确可能的遗传方式。结果:①口腔及全身临床表现:口腔检查可见大量牙石,釉质病变涉及全口牙齿,牙体呈黄褐色,磨耗重,釉质易碎裂剥脱。X射线显示牙釉质密度基本与牙本质相同,髓腔形态未见异常。临床表现符合Witkop1989年分类中的钙化不全型牙釉质发育。全身系统检查排除系统性疾病。无四环素用药史,家族中无近亲结婚者,附近居民无相似病变。②牙齿磨片观察结果:可见釉丛及釉板明显,且数目增多,表明釉质发育较差。③遗传方式:该家系36名成员,3代中均有患者,共检出遗传性牙釉质发育不全患者13人,其中男7例,女6例,传递方式符合常染色体显性遗传的特点。结论:该家系为常染色体显性遗传性钙化不全型牙釉质发育不全家系,为下一步定位该家系致病基因奠定基础。     

The Treatment of Septicemia in Pacemaker Patients

The authors analyzed the data of seven patients who had undergone open heart surgery because of pacemaker endocarditis in the past 4 years. Repeated surgical interventions on the pacemaker system were found to be the most common predisposing factors. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most common causative organisms. Two-dimensional echocardiography was important in the diagnosis of cases with atypical clinical picture and negative blood cultures. We concluded that: (1) any pacemaker patient with fever should be considered to have a pacemaker endocarditis; (2) all of these patients should be examined by two-dimenensional echocardiography; and (3) the total removal of the infected hardware seems to be the only way to achieve complete recovery.     

原花青素的抗氧化作用

目的:概述原花青素的结构特点、药理特性,探讨并分析原花青素的抗氧化作用及其在体育领域内的发展前景,旨在为此天然高效的抗氧化剂的开发利用提供一些理论的支持。方法:应用计算机检索Medline 1960-01/2006-08关于原花青素文章。检索词“proanthocyanidin”并限定文章的语种类为English。同时利用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1960-01/2006-08的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“原花青素”。结果:原花青素是一种良好的氧游离基清除剂和脂质过氧化抑制剂。可有效清除超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,也参与磷脂、花生四烯酸的新陈代谢和蛋白质磷酸化,保护脂质不发生过氧化损伤。原花青素为强有力的金属螯合剂,可螯合金属离子,在体内形成惰性化合物。有保护和稳定维生素C,有助于维生素C吸收的作用。结论:原花青素拥有强有力的抗氧化、清除自由基以及改善体循环的特殊功效,并以高效、低毒、高生物利用度而著称,原花青素的多种生物学功效在预防和治疗疾病中将发挥越来越大的作用。     

Cerebral Embolism Due to a Retained Pacemaker Lead: A Case Report

There are only a few reported cases of a pacemaker lead migrating inadvertently into the left atrium or ventricle. An unusual complication of unremoved, unwanted pacemaker lead is presented. The free tip of the lead caused cerebral embolism after perforating the interatrial septum.