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11.
Rye leaves infected with soil-borne wheat mosaic virus isolate US-A at six consecutive developmental stages were examined with the electron microscope. Virus was not detected in leaves shorter than 5 mm, and viral inclusions were first observed in leaves 10–30 mm in length. The inclusions consisted of tangled tubules or smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and contained virus rods scattered in interstices between the tubules. The inclusions enlarged with the growth of leaves and changed to a looser conformation. In leaves longer than 100 mm, inclusions were mostly disintegrated and aggregates of virus rods appeared in the cytoplasm and vacuole. In such leaves, inclusions consisted of concentrically arrayed membranes with virus rods sandwiched in between. Both types of inclusions were also found in wheat and barley leaves infected with the US-A isolate. 相似文献
12.
Abe Y Chinzei T Isoyama T Kobayashi S Ono T Saito I Iwasaki K Ishimaru M Baba A Kouno A Ozeki T Tohyama T Imachi K 《ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)》2003,49(3):325-332
The undulation pump total artificial heart (UPTAH) is a unique, implantable, total artificial heart (TAH) that uses undulation pumps. To achieve long-term survival in animals with physiologic hemodynamic conditions, a control method based on conductance and arterial pressure was applied to UPTAH. With this control method, called 1/R control, survival periods of 50 days (No. 0016, 49.6 kg) and 54 days (No. 0030, 42.5 kg) were obtained in adult female goats. In No. 0016, 1/R control was applied to the left pump, whereas in No. 0030, it was applied to the right pump. Another pump was used for left-right balance control. The control stability was better in No. 0030 than in No. 0016. The sucking effect of the left atrium was remarkable in No. 0016, possibly because of a time delay when left-right balance control was performed with the right pump. In No. 0016, the cause of death was probably a thrombus flown from a panus in the left atrium. It is possible that the left atrial suction effect influenced the thrombus and panus formation in the left atrium. In No. 0030, the cause of death was a small rupture of the membrane in the right pump. The rupture may have been caused by excessive negative pressure inside the pump. This pressure resulted from suction of the right atrium because of an unexpected control excursion, which was probably caused by a software bug. It will be necessary to redesign the undulation pump and improve the software to achieve longer survival periods for animals with physiologic hemodynamic conditions. 相似文献
13.
Rapid and efficient generation of lentivirally gene-modified dendritic cells from DC progenitors with bone marrow stromal cells 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sumimoto H Tsuji T Miyoshi H Hagihara M Takada-Yamazaki R Okamoto S Ikeda Y Takahashi T Kawakami Y 《Journal of immunological methods》2002,271(1-2):153-165
Since dendritic cells (DC) play pivotal roles in both innate and adaptive immunity, DC can be a good target for immuno-gene therapy. However, the optimal generation method for gene-modified DC has not yet been well exploited. CD34+ cells from cord blood (CB), bone marrow (BM), or peripheral blood (PB) were expanded in a medium containing stem cell factor (SCF), flt 3 ligand (Flt3L) and thrombopoietin (TPO) with or without HESS-5, a murine BM stromal cell line, for 2 weeks (the first expansion step), then differentiated to DC in a medium containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), flt 3 ligand (Flt3L), stem cell factor (SCF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-4, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 9 days (the second differentiation step). DC progenitors were transduced with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vectors at different time points during the second step. Use of HESS-5 during the first step resulted in more DC generation than without it (cell expansion: CB, 10,461 vs. 354-fold; BM, 962 vs. 225-fold; peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), 8,506 vs. 240-fold; %DC: CB, 83.4% vs. 76.9%; BM, 83.6 vs. 69.8%; PBMC, 85.9 vs. 60.5%). Gene transduction to the in vitro expanded DC progenitors at day 3 during the second step, resulted in better final yield of the gene-modified DC than that to those at day 0 or day 6 (as much as 44% of DC expressed green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a transgene) and the transduction efficiency correlated with endocytic ability and percent of S phase. DC transduced with an HIV vector encoding a melanoma antigen, MART-1, were adequately recognized by specific anti-MART-1 CTL. The two-step culture method with HESS-5 is useful for rapid expansion of DC progenitors and subsequent lentiviral gene transduction to DC. 相似文献
14.
15.
Kallakuri S Cavanaugh JM Ozaktay AC Takebayashi T 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2003,148(4):419-424
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is seen as widespread damage in the white matter of brain characterized by morphological changes
to axons throughout the brain and brain stem. The current study attempted to investigate the effect of increasing impact energy
on the presence and severity of DAI in corpus callosum (CC). DAI was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats using an injury
model adapted from Marmarou et al. in 1994. A 450-g cylindrical brass weight was dropped from three different heights (2.0 m,
1.5 m and 1.0 m) on to a metal helmet affixed to the skull of the rats. In the sham group, rats underwent a surgical procedure
with no impact. After a 24-h survival period the animals were transcardially perfused. The brain was removed and the cerebral
hemispheres were sectioned with a vibrotome and stained by silver impregnation technique. The CC of all the impacted rats
showed DAI in the form of beaded axons, retraction balls and vacuole-like enlargements. The axonal injury was most severe
in the 2-m group, while mildest in the 1-m group. In the sham group, axons appeared to be normal. This study demonstrates
evidence of graded DAI depending on the impact energy. Such data is useful for mathematical modeling of axonal injury in rat
brain using the same impact parameters and potential determination of injury thresholds for neural trauma.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
16.
Kazuo Umetsu Isao Yuasa Takao Yamashita Susumu Saito Tomio Yamaguchi Srinama B. Ellepola Takafumi Ishida Tsuneo Suzuki 《Journal of human genetics》1989,34(3):195-202
The genetic polymorphism of orosomucoid (ORM) and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) were studied in Thai, Sri Lankan and Paraguayan populations using isoelectric focusing. Gene frequencies in these populations were compared with those in other populations. Four new ORM variants were detected:ORM1
*
15 in Thai,ORM1
*
16 in Paraguayan,ORM2
*
21 andORM2
*
22 in Sri Lankan. 相似文献
17.
Clostridium sordellii phospholipase C: gene cloning and comparison of enzymatic and biological activities with those of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium bifermentans phospholipase C
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Karasawa T Wang X Maegawa T Michiwa Y Kita H Miwa K Nakamura S 《Infection and immunity》2003,71(2):641-646
The gene encoding Clostridium sordellii phospholipase C (Csp) was cloned and expressed as a histidine-tagged (His-tag) protein, and the protein was purified to compare its enzymatic and biological activities with those of Clostridium perfringens phospholipase C (Cpa) and Clostridium bifermentans phospholipase C (Cbp). Csp was found to consist of 371 amino acid residues in the mature form and to be more homologous to Cbp than to Cpa. The egg yolk phospholipid hydrolysis activity of the His-tag Csp was about one-third of that of His-tag Cpa, but the hemolytic activity was less than 1% of that of His-tag Cpa. His-tag Csp was nontoxic to mice. Immunization of mice with His-tag Cbp or His-tag Csp did not provide effective protection against the lethal activity of His-tag Cpa. These results indicate that Csp possesses similar molecular properties to Cbp and suggest that comparative analysis of toxic and nontoxic clostridial phospholipases is helpful for characterization of the toxic properties of clostridial phospholipases. 相似文献
18.
Noriko Kimura Mika Watanabe Tsuneo Ookuma Wakako Miura Takao Noshiro Yukio Miura Hiroshi Nagura 《Endocrine pathology》1994,5(3):178-182
Pheochromocytoma usually shows prominent nuclear atypia, but the presence of such atypical cells is known to be an unreliable
predictor of malignancy. DNA ploidy of pheochromocytomas has been analyzed by flow cytometry or photospectrometry on paraffinem-bedded
tissue, but the results were controversial. We performed DNA analysis on cytology specimens of 11 pheochromocytomas using
an image analysis system. All tumors had a mixed pattern of a large population of diploid cells and a small population of
polyploid cells. DNA content correlated with nuclear size, and larger cells had more DNA content. Such larger tumor cells
had polyploid nuclei, such as 4 C, 8 C, 16 C, and 32 C, in both malignant and benign pheochromocytomas. The larger polyploid
nuclei may result from difficulty of duplication at the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. 相似文献
19.
Hiroshi Mori M.D. Ryo Fukunishi Motohiro Fujii Kohsuke Hataji Tsuneo Shiraishi Keishi Matsumoto 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1978,380(1):1-9
Summary Reinke's crystals in human Leydig cells were analyzed stereologically to assess their functional role. Testicular tissues were taken from seven older men (57–82 years old) with prostatic carcinoma and also from seven younger men (26–38 y.o.) complaining of male infertility. Sections 0.5 m thick, stained with toluidine blue or Heidenhein's iron-hematoxylin were examined by a point-counting method and with a Particle Measurement Computor System (MC). When the patients were grouped by age, the mean crystal volume, the number of crystals per cell, the volume of crystals per cell and the volume ratio of crystals to cell were significantly larger in the older age group than in the younger age group. In particular, the latter three variables correlated well with the age of subjects, with correlation coefficients of r=0.66–0.85. On the other hand, none of these variables had any correlation with the concentration of plasma testosterone. These results indicate that Reinke's crystals can be considered as degenerative products in cell life but not as facultative constituents for testosterone production.Supported in part by a grant from Medical Foundation of Ehime, Japan 相似文献
20.