全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1599639篇 |
免费 | 133557篇 |
国内免费 | 2577篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 21646篇 |
儿科学 | 52932篇 |
妇产科学 | 46225篇 |
基础医学 | 227767篇 |
口腔科学 | 47207篇 |
临床医学 | 140914篇 |
内科学 | 314766篇 |
皮肤病学 | 34091篇 |
神经病学 | 130101篇 |
特种医学 | 64722篇 |
外国民族医学 | 474篇 |
外科学 | 243800篇 |
综合类 | 39713篇 |
现状与发展 | 3篇 |
一般理论 | 544篇 |
预防医学 | 122864篇 |
眼科学 | 36470篇 |
药学 | 121270篇 |
3篇 | |
中国医学 | 2974篇 |
肿瘤学 | 87287篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 14763篇 |
2016年 | 12902篇 |
2015年 | 15026篇 |
2014年 | 20647篇 |
2013年 | 31351篇 |
2012年 | 42549篇 |
2011年 | 44752篇 |
2010年 | 26341篇 |
2009年 | 25303篇 |
2008年 | 43001篇 |
2007年 | 45238篇 |
2006年 | 46049篇 |
2005年 | 44673篇 |
2004年 | 44090篇 |
2003年 | 42179篇 |
2002年 | 41293篇 |
2001年 | 75691篇 |
2000年 | 78339篇 |
1999年 | 66389篇 |
1998年 | 17731篇 |
1997年 | 16334篇 |
1996年 | 16315篇 |
1995年 | 16020篇 |
1994年 | 15070篇 |
1993年 | 14217篇 |
1992年 | 55428篇 |
1991年 | 53776篇 |
1990年 | 52561篇 |
1989年 | 50834篇 |
1988年 | 47221篇 |
1987年 | 46561篇 |
1986年 | 44284篇 |
1985年 | 42843篇 |
1984年 | 32033篇 |
1983年 | 27565篇 |
1982年 | 16144篇 |
1981年 | 14436篇 |
1980年 | 13567篇 |
1979年 | 30463篇 |
1978年 | 21066篇 |
1977年 | 17765篇 |
1976年 | 16696篇 |
1975年 | 17575篇 |
1974年 | 21486篇 |
1973年 | 20672篇 |
1972年 | 18853篇 |
1971年 | 17771篇 |
1970年 | 16289篇 |
1969年 | 15269篇 |
1968年 | 13949篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
781.
The use of bacterins is one of the primary methods in the control of leptospirosis in domestic animals, especially cattle, swine, and dogs. Bacterins have been made using chemically treated or heat-inactivated organisms. Many of the initial studies indicated that the bacterins gave complete protection, whereas later reports found that some inactivation methods resulted in bacterins that protect against death but not against kidney infection and renal shedding. This raised the possibility that some of the antigens had been altered. To investigate this possibility, we heat or chemically treated Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae CF-1, L. interrogans serovar canicola Moulton, L. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa SC4397, L. interrogans serovar hardjo Hardjoprajitno, and L. interrogans serovar pomona MLS. Temperatures used to determine alterations in antigens were 50, 56, 80, 100, and 121 degrees C. The chemicals used were formaldehyde, phenol, and thimerosal. Analysis was done using Laemmli gels and Western blots. We found that heating at 50 or 56 degrees C had the smallest effect on antigens, whereas heating at 80 or 100 degrees C caused the appearance of high-molecular-weight bands on Western blots. Heating at 121 degrees C caused almost all the bands to disappear, in both the stained gel and the Western blot. Both phenol and Formalin treatment altered proteins, whereas thimerosal treatment appeared to have little effect compared with heating at 50 degrees C. 相似文献
782.
Elaboration by mammalian mesenchymal cells infected with Trypanosoma cruzi of a fibroblast-stimulating factor that may contribute to chagasic cardiomyopathy. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Myocardial fibrosis can occur as a complication of chronic infection of the heart with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease) and can lead to serious disability. To assess whether there might be a direct relationship between intracellular parasitization and subsequent tissue fibrosis in this disease, we tested serum-free conditioned media from cultures of fibroblasts, vascular smooth-muscle cells, and myocardial cells for fibroblast-stimulating activity. Conditioned media from all infected cultures, but not from uninfected cultures, stimulated fibroblast [3H]thymidine incorporation, DNA and protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Fibroblast-stimulating activity was also detected in extracts of amastigotes but not of trypomastigotes or epimastigotes. We conclude that parasitization of mesenchymal cells, including myocardial cells, results in elaboration of a fibroblast-stimulating factor(s), perhaps of parasite origin. We postulate that this factor may play a role in initiation of myocardial fibrosis in Chagas' disease. 相似文献
783.
784.
785.
786.
A Messineo R M Filler B Bahoric C Smith A Bahoric 《Journal of pediatric surgery》1991,26(11):1296-1300
A major problem in tracheal transplantation is the restoration of an adequate vascular supply to the transplanted trachea. In 12 piglets, a segment (6 rings) of thoracic trachea was removed and the excised segment was then sutured back in place. In 9 animals (group A), a vascularized omental flap was wrapped around the autotransplanted trachea. In the other 3 pigs (group B), the omentum was not used. Eight of 9 group A pigs were killed, 1 or 2 months later, having had no signs of airway obstruction; the 9th pig was killed after 14 days because of airway obstruction. The 3 pigs in group B were killed after 11 to 13 days because of progressive respiratory obstruction. In the 8 asymptomatic pigs in group A, the omental flap was viable and tracheal growth was normal with no differences in diameter between normal and autotransplanted trachea. Histologically intact cartilage was lined with respiratory epithelium. In the one group A pig who was killed early, the omental flap was necrotic. In this pig and in the 3 group B animals, extensive tracheal necrosis and nonviable cartilage were observed. These findings indicate that in the pig, a 6-ring segment of trachea can be transplanted with vascularization provided by an omental flap. 相似文献
787.
Changing attentional demands in left hemispatial neglect. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R F Kaplan M Verfaellie M E Meadows L R Caplan M S Pessin L D DeWitt 《Archives of neurology》1991,48(12):1263-1266
Seven variations of a letter cancellation test were used to examine how varying attentional demands affect hemispatial neglect in patients with right hemisphere lesions. While the 14 targets always remained in the same location, the number of distractors (zero, nine, 28, or 82) as well as their complexity (one letter or nine different letters) were varied. The percentage of targets canceled in the left hemispace was linearly related to the number of distractors. There were no differences between the complexity conditions. In a second study, the same 14 targets were presented but the distractors (zero, 14, or 41) were all placed on the right. Increasing the number of distractors on the right increased neglect on both sides of the space. Taken together, these results suggest that, while the limited attentional resources of the left hemisphere are biased toward the right hemispace, the absence of contralateral attentional demands allows these resources to be directed ipsilaterally. 相似文献
788.
We present a noninvasive, in vivo model for strain application in the tibiae of rats. The hind limb of each animal was placed into a device that applied four point bending to the tibia. Bending was applied in the medial-lateral direction causing compression on the lateral surface of the tibia and tension on the anteromedial surface. The peak strain magnitudes were estimated to be between 1600 and 3500 mu strain. In this pilot work, data were collected from 12 rats. The rats received either one cycle per day, four cycles per day, 12 cycles per day, 36 cycles per day, or 108 cycles per day of bending. The experimental (right) tibiae from all of the rats showed new bone formation after 12 days. The control (left) tibiae showed no new bone formation over this period. A better organized, dense bony reaction occurred in regions of lesser strains than in regions of higher strains, where there was a large accumulation of bone easily identified as woven. The organization and density of the newly formed bone appeared to be inversely related to the peak strains in the region. After 40 days of daily loading, the new bone area appeared to be more compact and better mineralized. However, bone formation was still occurring after 40 days. The results of this study suggest that woven bone formation occurred due to the bending stimulus and not due to pathology. 相似文献
789.
M Havel H Teufelsbauer P Kn?bl R Dalmatiner P Jaksch W Zw?lfer M Müller T Vukovich 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》1991,101(6):968-972
To study the hemostyptic effect of aprotinin (Trasylol) in patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation for coronary artery bypass operations, we randomized 12 of 24 patients to receive aprotinin in high dosage (about 800 mg) during extracorporeal circulation. From the resulting two groups each, one patient was excluded from the study because of postoperative myocardial infarction (control group) and surgical hemorrhage (aprotinin group) leading to a second operation. Although heparin was used for anticoagulation in all 22 patients, all had a marked increase in plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes during extracorporeal circulation, indicating an intravasal activation of coagulation. By monitoring the plasma levels of fibrin degradation products in patients without aprotinin therapy, we recorded a concomitant hyperfibrinolysis significantly less pronounced in patients receiving aprotinin (p less than 0.005). The mean total postoperative blood loss was lower in patients receiving aprotinin (620 ml) than in control patients (1000 ml; p less than 0.03). The results confirm previous reports of a hemostyptic effect of aprotinin in cardiac operations. This effect is probably due to a prevention of hyperfibrinolysis. 相似文献
790.
Familial expansile osteolysis: a morphological, histomorphometric and serological study. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Biopsies from the diseased bones of patients with familial expansile osteolysis (FEO) were examined by light and electron microscopy. Focal concentrations of multinuclear osteoclasts were present, and these contained viral-like microcylindrical inclusions which appeared exclusive to their nuclei. No consistent relationship was found between osteoclast size and the number of osteoclast nuclei containing microcylindrical inclusions. Quantitative histomorphometry showed evidence of increased bone remodelling with high bone cell densities and a decrease of the reversal period in bone remodelling. The lesions contained prominent woven bone and fibrovascular tissue, together with mononuclear cells and adipocytes. Little bone was found in the most radiolucent lesions, which were almost totally occupied by adipocytes and fibrovascular tissue. Serology did not reveal any significant differences between the viral antibody titres of patients and their age- and sex-matched controls. The present study suggests that intranuclear viral-like microcylindrical inclusions of osteoclasts are not a specific feature of Paget's disease, and are found in other disorders of osteoclast function, including pycnodysostosis, osteopetrosis, giant cell tumours, and familial expansile osteolysis. 相似文献