Awareness of and attitudes towards infertility and its treatment： a cross-sectional survey of men in a United States primary care population

Previous studies have described racial and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of infertility. Patient factors such as attitudes and awareness may be contributing factors. Since primary care is often the setting that serves as an entry into other areas of medicine, we sought to evaluate men＇s attitudes and awareness of male infertility in the primary care setting. To do this, we performed a cross-sectional survey of men＇s attitudes toward men＇s health issues in 210 men from two primary care clinic waiting rooms in Atlanta, Georgia. The survey was self-administered with closed-ended question items and was approximately 20 min in length. Of the 310 men approached, 210 agreed to participate and returned completed surveys. Overall, 52% of men said they were ＂very＂ or ＂somewhat＂ familiar with infertility and 25% were familiar with treatments for infertility. Some men had heard of surgery （21%） and medication （35%） as treatments for male infertility. Awareness and familiarity with the condition was greater in high socioeconomic status men （i.e. college graduates or those with income 〉$100 k per year） but did not differ by race on multivariate analysis. Attitudes toward infertility varied by race with non-Caucasian men being more likely to indicate that infertility is a serious condition, to be concerned about infertility, and to believe it decreases a man＇s quality-of-life. Therefore, a lack of awareness, but not negative attitudes, may contribute to previously-described disparities in the treatment of infertility.     

工程化视知觉感知学习系统治疗儿童弱视的效果评价

目的:传统治疗弱视的方法(如遮盖治疗,精细训练等)起效慢,疗效欠佳;视知觉感知学习系统作为一种针对性很强的儿童弱视治疗方法,其疗效需进一步观察。方法:①收集2006-09/2007-02于广西壮族自治区人民医院视光中心就诊的弱视儿童125例250眼,女73例,男52例,年龄(6±2)岁。患儿家长知情同意并签署知情同意书;实验经医院伦理委员会批准。②根据视功能检查结果,采用视知觉感知学习系统对弱视患儿进行针对性的治疗,如双眼视力相差两行以上,辅助遮盖优势眼治疗。1个月为1个疗程,每天训练2次,每次2个训练内容(程序),每个训练内容10min,40min/d,训练内容之间要求有10min左右的休息间隙。训练需在安静和黯淡环境下进行。每月定期复查双眼视力及其各项视功能的恢复情况,并根据复查结果继续原程序治疗或调整治疗程序。结果:弱视患儿125例均进入结果分析。①视力:视知觉感知学习系统治疗儿童弱视的总有效率为75.2%,视力提高行数从治疗第3个月起有大幅增加(P<0.05),最佳矫正视力由治疗前的0.60±0.23提高至治疗后的0.86±0.26,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。②治疗时间与疗效:疗效达到进步的平均时间为(2.82±1.30)个月,达到基本治愈为(2.87±1.40)个月。治疗3个月的患者视力疗效达进步率最高[98%(39/40)],治疗1个月的患者视力进步率最低[55%(31/56),P<0.05]。基本治愈率随治疗时间的增加递增,治疗4个月组基本治愈率最高[67%(31/46),P<0.05]。结论:视知觉感知学习系统治疗儿童弱视疗效快,达到有效的时间为治疗两三个月。     

Human ovarian granulosa cells and follicular fluid indices: the relationship to oocyte maturity and fertilization in vitro

The study investigates the correlation between oocyte maturity and fertilization and a variety of hormonal parameters in follicular fluid and ovarian granulosa cells. A methodology for purification of granulosa cells from contaminating blood cells is also established. A total of 63 follicular aspirates were collected at oocyte retrieval from 30 women superovulated using the long luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone (LHRH analogue)/human menopausal gonadotrophin regimen. Oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were quantified in follicular fluid and granulosa cells were immunostained for human chorionic gonadotrophin. Immunopurification of granulosa cells from contaminating blood cells was performed. HCG in follicular fluid was significantly high in follicles yielding immature (grade 3) oocytes (P=0.002); there was no correlation with fertilization. Aspirates from follicles containing mature (grade 1) oocytes and oocytes that subsequently fertilized had significantly more granulosa cells immunobound to HCG (P < 0.001, P=0.02). Moreover, the immunomagnetic purification technique provided >98% pure population of granulosa cells. The data demonstrate that HCG in follicular fluid and on granulosa cells may help to predict oocyte maturity and fertilization. Furthermore, immunomagnetic beads provide a reliable procedure for the purification of ovarian granulosa cells.      

胃肠胰胰岛淀粉样多肽的定位和表达

胰岛淀粉样多肽(islet armyloid polypeptide,IAPP)是1986年瑞典学者Westermarket al[1,2 ]从胰岛素瘤患者的瘤组织,糖尿病猫及Ⅱ型糖尿病患者胰岛淀粉样沉积物中分离出来的一种多肽,几乎在同时,英国生物化学家Cooper et al[3,4]也从Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的胰岛淀粉样沉积物中分离出该肽.IAPP又称为amylin.对IAPP的分子结构、基因表达和生理作用等已有许多报道[5].近年来,在IAPP定位、表达及胃肠胰IAPP免疫反应(immunoreactive,IR)细胞定位、发生、发育方面的研究报道,为探讨IAPP的生理作用及疾病状态下的改变,提供了形态学依据,现综述如下.