全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9113篇 |
免费 | 392篇 |
国内免费 | 37篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 237篇 |
儿科学 | 199篇 |
妇产科学 | 122篇 |
基础医学 | 1244篇 |
口腔科学 | 192篇 |
临床医学 | 569篇 |
内科学 | 2450篇 |
皮肤病学 | 174篇 |
神经病学 | 504篇 |
特种医学 | 308篇 |
外科学 | 1506篇 |
综合类 | 41篇 |
预防医学 | 335篇 |
眼科学 | 124篇 |
药学 | 595篇 |
中国医学 | 10篇 |
肿瘤学 | 932篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 59篇 |
2022年 | 104篇 |
2021年 | 166篇 |
2020年 | 110篇 |
2019年 | 120篇 |
2018年 | 123篇 |
2017年 | 120篇 |
2016年 | 148篇 |
2015年 | 151篇 |
2014年 | 187篇 |
2013年 | 248篇 |
2012年 | 311篇 |
2011年 | 368篇 |
2010年 | 189篇 |
2009年 | 178篇 |
2008年 | 329篇 |
2007年 | 377篇 |
2006年 | 393篇 |
2005年 | 442篇 |
2004年 | 416篇 |
2003年 | 403篇 |
2002年 | 450篇 |
2001年 | 384篇 |
2000年 | 384篇 |
1999年 | 322篇 |
1998年 | 128篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 76篇 |
1995年 | 95篇 |
1994年 | 79篇 |
1993年 | 66篇 |
1992年 | 249篇 |
1991年 | 226篇 |
1990年 | 218篇 |
1989年 | 226篇 |
1988年 | 194篇 |
1987年 | 183篇 |
1986年 | 160篇 |
1985年 | 183篇 |
1984年 | 96篇 |
1983年 | 92篇 |
1982年 | 39篇 |
1981年 | 39篇 |
1979年 | 85篇 |
1978年 | 42篇 |
1977年 | 56篇 |
1975年 | 53篇 |
1971年 | 46篇 |
1969年 | 36篇 |
1968年 | 38篇 |
排序方式: 共有9542条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
52.
53.
Takehara H Tada S Kataoka M Matsuo K Ueno Y Ozaki S Miyake T Fujimori Y Yamadori I Harada M 《Acta medica Okayama》2001,55(4):205-211
This study focuses on a possible role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in interstitial pulmonary diseases. We determined a soluble form of ICAM-1 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using ELISA in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), bronchiolitis obliterance organizing pneumonia (BOOP), or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). In addition, we investigated the expression of ICAM-1 in the lung tissues of these patients by means of immunohistochemical staining. Serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with UIP or NSIP than in healthy subjects, and were also high in patients with BOOP. The soluble ICAM-1 in BALF tended to be higher in patients with UIP, BOOP, or NSIP than in normal subjects. A significant correlation was seen between soluble levels of ICAM-1 in serum and BALF. In the immunostaining of ICAM-1 of the lung tissues, ICAM-1 expression was more pronounced in patients with UIP than in those with BOOP or NSIP. The increased expression of ICAM-1 was seen in type II alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium in patients with interstitial pneumonia. A positive correlation was observed between the degree of ICAM-1 expression in the lung tissues and the BALF levels of soluble ICAM-1. The expression of ICAM-1 in type II alveolar epithelium suggests that ICAM-1 plays a specific role in the fibrotic process of the lung, and that the measurement of soluble ICAM-1 in sera and BALF could be a useful marker for evaluating the progression of fibrosis. 相似文献
54.
Dr M. Kimura T. Sugiura Y. Fukui T. Kimura Y. Harada 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》1992,30(2):155-161
Two ways of rate control for diaphragm pacing are proposed. One is rate control using only the patients' body temperature
(method I). The other is rate control by both the patients' heart rate and body temperature (method II). To test the effectiveness
of these methods, a diaphragm pacemaker which can be controlled by both heart rate and body temperature has been developed.
It was applied to nine mongrel dogs. The pacing rate is controlled by atrial blood temperature (method I) or by both heart
rate and temperature (method II). The animal's metabolism was elevated by the administration of a pyrogenic drug. It was found
that method I is not suited to rapid changes in metabolism; however, it is useful in extreme metabolic elevation. An animal's
metabolism was supported by using method II in all ranges of metabolism. This method proved more effective than method I for
rate-responsive diaphragm pacing. 相似文献
55.
Summary The effects of ambient and hypothalamic temperatures were studied on the hyperthermic responses to prostaglandins E1 and E2 (PGE1 and PGE2) injected intraventricularly in the unanesthetized rabbit. Hyperthermic responses to PGE1 observed at different thermal environments were approximately equal in magnitude and time course. However, the prevailing ambient temperature influenced the thermoregulatory mechanisms by which the hyperthermia was achieved. In a hot environment, PGE1-hyperthermia was brought about by suppression of heat loss mechanism with little change in heat production. During cold exposure body temperature was raised mainly by an increase in heat production without a significant change in heat loss. PGEs-hyperthermias were attenuated by warming and enhanced by cooling the anterior hypothalamus. These changes in the hyperthermic responses to PGE1 and PGE2 are in contrast to those obtained with intraventricular injection of noradrenaline at different ambient temperatures and during hypothalamic heating and cooling. It is therefore unlikely that noradrenaline is involved in the hyperthermic responses to PGEs. On the other hand, the results support the view that prostaglandins may be mediators of pyrogen-induced fever. 相似文献
56.
We recently showed, using a new immunocytochemical technique, that aromatase-immunoreactive neurons are a specific marker for the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus (POM) in quail and that the number of these immunoreactive cells is markedly increased by a systemic treatment with testosterone (T). Since the POM is a key site for the activation of copulatory behavior by T and this androgen must be converted into estrogen by local aromatization within the POM before it can exert its behavioral effects, we used aromatase immunocytochemistry to map, at a cellular level of resolution, the areas that are destroyed by electrolytic lesions or that are stimulated by the stereotaxic implantation of T in the preoptic area (POA). These measures of the cellular action of T in the preoptic area were then correlated with the behavior of the animals to identify the parts of the POA that are critical in the activation of behavior. The electrolytic lesions of the POA disrupted the activation of male sexual behavior by T only if they destroyed a significant part of the POM. All lesions reduced the volume of the dimorphic nucleus and the absolute number of its aromatase-immunoreactive neurons, but the density of these cells in the remaining POM was not affected, suggesting that the volume change in the nucleus reflected a centripetal displacement of its boundaries rather than an overall shrinkage of the structure. Stereotaxic T implants in or close to POM activated male copulatory behavior and increased the volume of the POM and the number of its aromatase-immunoreactive cells. These neuroanatomical effects were more prominent on the side of the implant, but they were also detected on the contralateral side. Correlative analyses suggested that a part of the POM just rostral to the anterior commissure is critical for the activation of copulatory behavior. The best correlations between the behavioral deficits induced by electrolytic lesions and the size of the lesions were indeed observed in this area. In addition, high correlations were also observed between the behavior activated by T implants and the POM size or number of aromatase-immunoreactive cells that were induced by T in this area. Aromatase immunocytochemistry therefore appears as a useful tool to map the brain areas in which T action is presumably critical for the activation of male sexual behavior. It has allowed us to identify in the present studies a small part of the sexually dimorphic POM that is closely associated with behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
57.
The effects of different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of extracellular matrix, on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF cells) were investigated. NHDF cells were cultured for 4 days with different molecular weights of HA and then the extent of GJIC was assessed by the scrape-loading dye transfer method, using Lucifer yellow. The area of dye transfer was greater in the dishes coated with HA than in those to which HA was added. Thus, NHDF cells cultured on surfaces coated with high molecular weight (HMW) HA (MW, 800 kDa) showed greatly enhanced GJIC. Furthermore, another aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different molecular weights of HA on the production of FGF-2 and KGF, because both are important cytokines produced by NHDF cells. When FGF-2 and KGF cultured levels of cell extracts and media were determined by ELISA, both levels were significantly enhanced when cells were grown on plates coated with HMW HA. This finding indicated that the function of gap junction channels in NHDF cells grown on plates coated with HMW HA may promote the biosynthesis of growth factors such as FGF-2 and KGF. 相似文献
58.
Kawano S Morotomi T Toyono T Nakamura N Uchida T Ohishi M Toyoshima K Harada H 《Connective tissue research》2002,43(2-3):409-412
Rat incisors grow continuously throughout life. Producing a variety of dental epithelial cells is performed by stem cells located in the cervical loop of the incisor apex. To study the mechanisms for cell differentiation, we established a dental epithelial cell line (HAT-7) originating from a cervical loop epithelium of a rat incisor. Immunochemical studies showed that HAT-7 produced the cells expressing amelogenin, ameloblastin, or alkaline phosphatase (ALP). To illustrate a role of Notch signaling in the determinant of the cell fate, we examined expression patterns of Notch1 and Jagged1 in HAT-7 density dependently. At lower cell density, Notch1- or Jagged1-expressing cells were not seen. However, when they were fully confluent, cells began to express Notch1 or Jagged1 strongly. Some ALP-positive cells were almost consistent with Notch1-expressing cells but not Jagged1-expressing cells. These results suggested that the determinant of direction of differentiation was associated with Notch signaling pathway. 相似文献
59.
60.
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a widely used promising material for surgical implants such as tissue-engineered scaffolds. In this study, we aimed to determine the in vivo effect of PLLA plates on the cellular function of subcutaneous tissue in the two mouse strains, BALB/cJ and SJL/J, higher and lower tumorigenic strains, respectively. Gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) protein were significantly suppressed, whereas the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) level was significantly increased in PLLA-implanted BALB/cJ mice compared with BALB/cJ controls. However, no significant difference in TGF-beta 1 secretion was observed between the SJL/J-implanted and SJL/J control mice. We found for the first time that a significant difference was observed between the two strains; thus, the PLLA increased the secretion of TGF-beta 1 and suppressed the mRNA expression of Cx43 at the earlier stage after implantation into the higher-tumorigenic strain, BALB/cJ mice. This novel mechanism might have a vital role in the inhibition of GJIC and promote the tumorigenesis in BALB/cJ mice. 相似文献