Left ventricular asynergy in patients with impending myocardial infarction: two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment

To determine the clinical significance of regional left ventricular asynergy in patients with impending myocardial infarction, we recorded two-dimensional echocardiograms (2DE) serially and performed coronary angiography immediately after the hospital admission in nine patients with initial impending infarction and their last anginal attacks were within 48 hours. Left ventricular asynergy on the first 2DE was observed in six of nine patients during symptom-free periods (Group A: LV asynergy group). Five of the six patients had significant coronary artery lesions (greater than or equal to 75% stenosis) in at least one major coronary artery. Intracoronary filling defects were detected in four of the five patients. Another three patients without asynergy (Group B) had significant fixed stenosis. Coronary artery spasm was observed in two patients during coronary angiography, but no patient had intracoronary filling defects. Intracoronary nitroglycerin (0.1-0.3 mg) reduced the severity of coronary artery narrowing in two patients. In addition, urokinase (240,000-480,000 IU) via the corresponding vessel (PTCR) in the remaining seven patients resulted in reduction in the severity of coronary artery stenosis in four patients, but not in the remaining three patients. Left ventricular wall movement in the asynergy group improved rapidly and no asynergy was observed by the seventh hospital day in five of the six patients. Successful PTCR treatment resulted in improvement of left ventricular wall movement. No asynergy was found in the non-asynergy group throughout their hospitalizations. These findings indicated that abnormal left ventricular wall movement is found in patients with impending myocardial infarction, even during symptom-free periods, but the wall movement gradually improves. The 2DE observations are useful for estimating the clinical status and for planning precise therapy for impending myocardial infarction.     

Anatomy and histology of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus) prostate

Gross anatomy and the light and electron microscopic characteristics of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus, Insectivora) prostate are described. The prostate is a pair of compound tubuloalveolar glands with one main excretory duct for each gland. Each gland is divided into ventral and dorsal lobes. The tubuloalveoli are larger in diameter and the secretory cells are lower in the ventral than in the dorsal lobes. Probable spontaneous release of secretory granules and accumulation of secretory material in secretory lumina are only observed in the ventral lobes. Secretory material is often crystallized in the secretory lumina. The epithelium of excretory ducts consists of mucous-type secretory cells and the boundary between this epithelium and the glandular epithelium is complex. The glandular epithelium consists of secretory and clear cells. This report illustrates that the structure of the prostate of musk shrew is unique among mammals.     

Vasoconstrictor response of large cerebral arteries of cats to endothelin, an endothelium-derived vasoactive peptide

Endothelin, a 21-amino acid peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells, caused a sustained constriction of isolated large cerebral arteries of cats in a dose-dependent manner. The increased tone of the tissue did not return to the resting level after repeated washings. No vasodilator response was evoked by endothelin in the presence of an active tone. The contractile response of cerebral arteries was not inhibited by rubbing of the endothelium, cold storage denervation or indomethacin. In contrast, nicardipine or diltiazem antagonized the endothelin-induced contraction non-competitively. No contraction was evoked by endothelin in a Ca2+-free solution while the addition of Ca2+ ions in the presence of endothelin in a Ca2+-free solution caused a sustained contraction. Ca2+-induced contraction in the Ca2+-free solution containing endothelin was also inhibited by nicardipine. Therefore, endothelin causes a direct contraction of the smooth muscles of cat cerebral arteries, probably by activating the influx of Ca2+ ions through L-type Ca2+ channels of smooth muscles.     

Clonorchiasis complicated with duodenal papillary cancer in a visitor from China]

It is well known that long-term infection with Clonorchis sinensis often causes bile duct cancer, usually. It occurs in the intrahepatic bile duct. We encountered a rare case of clonorchiasis complicated with duodenal papillary cancer. The patient was a woman from China. Although clonorchiasis is rarely found in Japan, the promotion of international exchange may increase the number of visitors from endemic areas. Thus we must pay sufficient attention to this disease. Also, we reported that the microplate ELISA technique was useful in the diagnosis of clonorchiasis with high accuracy in this case.     

Phage-displayed recombinant single-chain antibody fragments with high affinity for cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP): cDNA cloning, characterization and CETP quantification.

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) greatly affects the metabolism of all lipoprotein classes including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), both known to constitute powerful risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). We now report the successful first cloning and characterization of single-chain antibody fragments specific for CETP. A recombinant phage display library was generated using spleen mRNA isolated from BALB/c mice that had been immunized with highly purified CETP. Screening of the library yielded two single-chain antibody fragments with high affinity for CETP, termed 1CL8 and 1CL10, displaying respective KD values of 4.36 x 10(-9) M and 4.64 x 10(-9) M as determined by affinity sensor technology. Amino acid sequence comparison indicated the complementarity-determining regions of the respective heavy chains to be responsible for CETP high affinity binding. Fragment 1CL8 was successfully employed in clinical chemical quantification systems that uncovered an association in humans between plasma CETP concentration and total body fat mass (r=0.50, p<0.002). Because of the demonstrated superb CETP capturing capacity, combined with high binding affinity to CETP, ready access and unlimited supply, 1CL8 and 1CL10 are expected to prove powerful tools for studies on the role of CETP in atherogenesis.     

SUCCESSFUL ENDOSCOPIC CLOSURES OF COLONIC PERFORATIONS REQUIRING ABDOMINAL DECOMPRESSION AFTER ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION AND ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR EARLY COLON CANCER

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal cancer is not widely accepted because of its technical difficulty and the risk of perforation. In addition, the risk of peritonitis cannot be completely eliminated even if a perforation is closed successfully. Reported here are two cases of early colon cancer in which the patients sustained iatrogenic perforations of the ascending colon during conventional endoscopic mucosal resection and of the sigmoid colon during ESD, respectively, requiring abdominal decompression with an 18 G Medicut needle. Both of these perforations were successfully treated by endoscopic clipping. In conclusion, conservative medical management may be possible in patients who have undergone successful closure of colonic perforations using endoscopic clipping. In order to perform immediate endoscopic closure, abdominal decompression has been useful to decrease patient discomfort and colonic lumen collapse. Now, CO₂ insufflation is being used effectively for the prevention of pneumoperitoneum.     

Metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein and increased arterial stiffness in Japanese subjects.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the metabolic syndrome (MS) was associated with an elevated level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and increased arterial stiffness, and to clarify whether combined MS and CRP data had a stronger relation to arterial stiffness than did MS data alone. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), CRP, and conventional risk factors were evaluated in 3,412 men and 854 women. Adjusted mean values of baPWV in men with 0, 1, 2, and > or = 3 components were 1,309, 1,372, 1,422, and 1,462 cm/s, respectively (p for trend <0.001). Adjusted mean values of baPWV in women with 0, 1, 2, and > or =3 components were 1,212, 1,292, 1,357, and 1,391 cm/s, respectively (p for trend <0.001). Adjusted geometric mean concentrations of CRP in men with 0, 1, 2, and > or = 3 components were 0.036, 0.049, 0.059, and 0.076 mg/dI, respectively (p for trend <0.001). Adjusted geometric mean concentrations of CRP in women with 0, 1, 2, and > or = 3 components were 0.023, 0.030, 0.057, and 0.077 mg/dI, respectively (p for trend <0.001). In analyses of adjusted mean values of baPWV according to the number of MS components and according to CRP levels within or without top quartile levels, the p value for the trend was significant (<0.001) in both men and women but, in post hoc analyses, comparing high and low CRP levels in each MS component-number group, no significant difference was found. These results suggest that, for prediction of increased arterial stiffness, combining MS and CRP data has little additive effect compared to the use of MS data alone.     

Bezafibrate improves hypertension and insulin sensitivity in humans.

We examined cellular membrane fatty acid composition and insulin sensitivity in patients with mild essential hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and investigated whether bezafibrate, a lipid-lowering drug, could improve elevated blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in these subjects by ameliorating cellular membrane fatty acid composition. Twenty-seven subjects were recruited. Twelve men with mild essential hypertension [systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 140 mmHg and 160 mmHg] and hypertriglyceridemia (plasma triglyceride concentration over 150 mg/dl) were designated the HL group. Fifteen men with mild essential hypertension and normotriglyceridemia (plasma triglyceride concentration below 150 mg/dl) were designated the NL group. Subjects in the HL group were given bezafibrate 400 mg/dl and those in the NL group were given placebo for 3 months. Bezafibrate significantly reduced SBP (140 +/- 2.6 to 131.8 +/- 2.6 mmHg, mean +/- SEM), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (87.8 +/- 2.0 to 82.8 +/- 2.6 mmHg), fasting plasma triglyceride concentration (225.5 +/- 23.5 to 102.9 +/- 10.9 mg/dl), fasting plasma insulin concentration (9.6 +/- 0.8 to 7.1 +/- 0.8 microU/ml), and homeostasis model assessment scores (HOMA-R, 2.4 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.2), and significantly improved the insulin sensitivity index (56.0 +/- 3.0 to 70.7 +/- 4.8 mg x l2/mmol x mU x min) in the HL group. Regarding erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition, bezafibrate reduced the percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increased the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Plasma triglyceride concentrations were positively correlated with HOMA-R (r = 0.50, p < 0.01) and SFA (r = 0.39, p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with PUFA (r = -0.45, p < 0.05) before administration of placebo or bezafibrate. In conclusion, an improvement of hyperlipidemia by bezafibrate may be attributed to reduction of blood pressure and amelioration of insulin sensitivity. Abnormalities in membrane lipid composition may play an important role in these metabolic disorders.