Electrochemical aspects of the formation of Bi2Te3 thin film via the route of ECALE

A Bi₂Te₃ VA–VIA group compound thin film was prepared via the route of electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy in this paper. The dependence of thin film formation on the electrochemical conditions (such as deposition potential control, supporting electrolyte and substrate) was studied, and the formation process of Bi₂Te₃ film was determined. The results show that Bi upd on Pt occurs at more negative potential in a HNO₃ supporting electrolyte than in a HClO₄ supporting electrolyte, and the Te upd peak moves to a more negative potential in HClO₄ supporting electrolyte solution than that in HNO₃ solution; Both Te and Bi upd on an Ag substrate occur at more negative potentials than that on a Pt substrate. In order to reach steady state deposition, a potential adjustment is necessary for the first 30 or more cycles of each component. After deposition of this initial ‘buffer layer’, the potentials can be kept constant for the remaining cycles. The effect of the slope of the shift of potential used to deposit the first 30 atomic layers of Bi and Te on the deposit has also been investigated. The deposit exhibits a two phase mixture of excess elemental Bi and Bi₂Te₃ compound when the slope is larger than ?4 mV/p (p indicates per cycle); a single-phase Bi₂Te₃ compound was obtained at a slope of ?6 mV/p, and Bi₄Te₃ compound also appears in the deposit along with Bi₂Te₃ when the slope is decreased to a more negative value of ?10 mV/p.     

Expression and significance of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha and its receptor CXCR4 in human dental pulp cells

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of CXCR4 in cultured human dental pulp cells (HDPC) in vitro and the corresponding ligand SDF-1alpha level of HDPC supenatants stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to explore the role of SDF-1alpha on the proliferation and the migration of HDPC. METHODS: The expression of CXCR4 in HDPC was detected by immunocytochemistry technique and indirect immunofluorescence technique. The culture supernatants of HDPC were collected after HDPC had been simulated by LPS and TNF-alpha of different concentrations for 48h and then the SDF-1alpha level was assayed by quantitative sandwich ELISA. Meanwhile, the effects of recombinant human SDF-1alpha (rhSDF-1alpha) on the proliferation and the migration of HDPC at different concentrations were observed by MTT and Boyden Chamber Assay. RESULTS: CXCR4 was expressed in cytomembrane of HDPC and SDF-1alpha was secreted into their normal cell supernatants with a concentration of (4513.55 +/- 962.92) ng/L. The secretion of SDF-1alpha was both significantly decreased by stimulation with LPS and TNF-alpha (P < 0.05). In addition, rhSDF-1alpha stimulated the HDPC proliferation at the concentrations of 50, 100, 200 microg/L (P < 0.01) and increased the chemotactic migration of HDPC significantly after 9h's incubation with the concentrations of 50, 100 microg/L (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SDF-1alpha accelerated the proliferation and the migration of HDPC which expressed CXCR4. SDF-1-CXCR4 axis may play a role in repair of pulp injury.     

Effect of using RNA interference to alter iNOS gene expression on the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113

This study used RNA interference (RNAi) to explore the effect of NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on apoptosis and proliferation in the tongue squamous carcinoma cell line Tca8113. Tca8113 cells were transfected with the plasmid pGenesil-1, which expresses iNOS short hairpin RNA (shRNA), or the negative control plasmid pSilencer-HK, and the transfected cells were compared with untransfected cells. The expression of iNOS was detected by histochemistry, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of iNOS was significantly lower in the pSilencer-iNOS group than in the pSilencer-HK and empty control groups. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the pSilencer-iNOS group than in the pSilencer-HK and empty control groups. Growth monitoring showed that proliferation was also inhibited in cells transfected with pSilencer-iNOS. RNAi gene silencing decreased iNOS gene expression, induced apoptosis, and suppressed proliferation in Tca8113 cells.     

Periodontal pathogen detection in gingiva/tooth and tongue flora samples from 18‐ to 48‐month‐old children and periodontal status of their mothers

Few studies have detected periodontal pathogens in young children, and when detected the prevalence has been relatively low. In this epidemiological study, we determined the prevalence of periodontal pathogen colonization in young children and examined the relationship between periodontitis in mothers and detection of periodontal pathogens in their children aged 18–48 months. Children were selected and enrolled randomly into the study; tongue and gingival/tooth plaque samples were harvested and analyzed by DNA probe checkerboard assay for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus. Clinical measurements included a gingival bleeding score in the children and a periodontal screening and recording (PSR) score in the mothers. Mothers having one or more periodontal sites with probing depths > 5.5 mm were classified as having periodontitis. In this population, 71% (66/93) of the 18‐ to 48‐month‐old children were infected with at least one periodontal pathogen. Detection rates for children were 68.8% for P. gingivalis and 29.0% for B. forsythus. About 13.8% (11/80) of children had gingival bleeding in response to a toothpick inserted interproximally. Children in whom B. forsythus was detected were about 6 times more likely to have gingival bleeding than other children. There was no relationship between bleeding and detection of P. gingivalis. 17.0% (16/94) of the mothers had periodontitis. When all mother–child pairs were considered, the periodontal status of the mother was found not to be a determinant for detection of periodontal pathogens in the floral samples from the children. However, the odds ratio that a daughter of a mother with periodontitis would be colonized was 5.2 for B. forsythus. A much higher proportion of children in this population were colonized by P. gingivalis and/or B. forsythus than has been previously reported for other populations. A modest level of association between manifestations of periodontitis in mothers and detection of B. forsythus in their daughters was observed.     

氟钼酸铵对牙本质胶原分解的抑制作用

目的：评价氟钼酸铵对牙本质龋损中胶原分解的抑制作用。方法：用１０％、２．８％氟钼酸铵、２％氟化钠、去离子水分别处理４组牙本质人工龋损，然后用胰蛋白酶、胶原酶分解其胶原，通过羟脯氨酸含量测定，计算并比较各组牙本质标本胶原分解量。结果：１０％、２．８％氟钼酸铵比２％氟化钠抑制两酶分解胶原的作用强（Ｐ＜０．０１），对胶原酶的作用尤为显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：氟钼酸铵抑制蛋白分解酶（尤其胶原酶）对胶原的分解作用是它抑制牙本质龋发展的重要机制之一。     

氟素制剂促进离体乳牙再矿化作用的比较研究

目的：比较3种常见氟素制剂对乳牙体外矿化的促进作用。评估其防龋效果。方法：36个乳牙，随机分为4组，开窗，酸蚀，1、2、3组分别涂布100g/L(NH4)2MoO2F4,380g/LAg(NH3)2F,APFLaCl33min，第4组作对照，随后置入5ml矿化液中，4d后检测矿化液中Ca^2 浓度，计算其变化并进行统计分析。结果：同对照组相比，3种氟素制剂处理组再矿化液中Ca^2 均显著减少，其中以APF-LaCl3组和380g/LAg(NH3)2F组减少最多，两组间无差异。但同100g/L(NH4)2MoO2F4组差别显著。结论：3种氟素制剂都可有效的促进乳牙体外再矿化，其中APF-LaCl3和380g/LAg(NH3)2F效果最佳，优于100g/L(NH4)2MoO2F4。     

远缘链球菌中葡萄糖基转移酶催化活性区基因的克隆和初步表达

目的 :构建一株高效表达Streptococcussobrinus 6715中GTF -I催化活性区 (含有B细胞表位 )多肽的菌株 ,为抗GTF -I的单克隆抗体的检测和防治龋病亚单位疫苗的研究奠定基础。方法 :提取基因组DNA ,然后用PCR技术扩增出中目的肽段的约 1.1kb编码基因 ,并将其克隆至表达载体 pGEX -4T -1中构建 pGEX -gtf表达质粒。该质粒转化大肠杆菌JM 10 9后获得重组表达菌株。PCR筛选阳性克隆子。异丙基-β -D -硫代半乳糖苷 (IPTG)诱导 ,确定含有 pGEX -gtf的大肠杆菌JM 10 9的表达情况。 结果 :含有质粒pGEX -gtf的大肠杆菌JM 10 9能够表达GST -GTF融合蛋白。 结论 :成功扩增目的基因 ,并且把它定向克隆到表达载体pGEX -4T -1中构建表达质粒 ,并且该表达质粒能在大肠杆菌中进行表达     

Advances in skeletal tissue engineering with hydrogels

OBJECTIVES: Tissue engineering has the potential to make a significant impact on improving tissue repair in the craniofacial system. The general strategy for tissue engineering includes seeding cells on a biomaterial scaffold. The number of scaffold and cell choices for tissue engineering systems is continually increasing and will be reviewed. DESIGN: Multilayered hydrogel systems were developed to coculture different cell types and develop osteochondral tissues for applications including the temporomandibular joint. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Hydrogels are one form of scaffold that can be applied to cartilage and bone repair using fully differentiated cells, adult and embryonic stem cells. OUTCOME MEASURE: Case studies represent an overview of our laboratory's investigations. RESULTS: Bilayered scaffolds to promote tissue development and the formation of more complex osteochondral tissues were developed and proved to be effective. CONCLUSION: Tissue engineering provides a venue to investigate tissue development of mutant or diseased cells and potential therapeutics.     

Analysis of continuous-wave obturation using a single-cone and hybrid technique

This study analyzed the adaptation of gutta-percha to prepared root canal walls using two obturation techniques and determined the influence of the System-B plugger depth on filling adaptation. Fifty-six extracted human mandibular molars were instrumented using Profile NiTi rotary instruments, stratified based on curvature, then randomly distributed into two groups. Group 1 was obturated using the single-cone continuous-wave technique. Group 2 was obturated with a hybrid technique: lateral condensation followed by a continuous-wave down-pack. Based on System-B plugger penetration, teeth were divided into three subgroups: (a) < 3.5 mm, (b) 3.5 to 4.5 mm, and (c) > 4.5 mm. Roots were horizontally sectioned at 1 mm and 3 mm coronal to the apical foramen, stained, and photographed. Four evaluators scored the adaptation of gutta-percha to the prepared canal walls. In 100% (n = 56) of the samples, no statistically significant difference existed between the two obturation methods at 1-mm (x = 1.80, SD +/- 0.69) or 3-mm (x = 1.804, SD +/- 0.69) sections. Best results were obtained with a plugger depth 3.5 to 4.5 mm from the working length.     

库存软骨异体移植的动物实验研究──组织学、组织化学、电镜观察

为寻找理想的软骨库存液，本实验采用异体猪肋软骨皮下移植模型，研究了经０．４％戊二醛、甲醛混合液保存４周的软骨移植物在异体移植１、３、５月后的组织、组化及电镜观的变化。结果表明该保存液处理的软骨组织的细胞结构、酶化学生成物于移植５月后与正常组织相比变化不大。提示软骨细胞仍具有一定活力及增殖潜力。本实验认为０．４％戊二醛、甲醛混合液是一种优良的软骨库存液。