Acute kidney injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

International Urology and Nephrology - Acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients is associated with poor prognosis. However, the incidence, risk factors and potential outcomes of AKI in...     

Ultrasound-guided retrograde popliteal artery catheterization: experience in 174 consecutive patients.

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of ultrasound (US) guidance during retrograde popliteal artery catheterization (RPAC) and identify the risk factors for late hemostasis and complications. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of consecutive patients who underwent grayscale US-guided RPAC during the last 8 years. Chart review identified 174 patients (150 men; mean age 61+/-10 years, range 37-84) with 247 iliofemoral lesions, which were treated via US-guided RPAC. Complications were classified as puncture-related versus angioplasty-related and major versus minor. Risk factors for complications and late hemostasis were evaluated with logistic and linear regression analyses, respectively. RESULTS: All 234 US-guided RPACs were technically successful. No arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or dissection/thrombosis of the popliteal artery was observed. The mean time to hemostasis was 6.9+/-2.3 minutes. The presence of femoral stenosis (versus occlusion) and use of large (6 to 7-F) sheaths were significant risk factors for late hemostasis. In 234 procedures, 15 (6.4%) complications developed; 10 (4.3%) were puncture-related (3 major, 7 minor) and 5 (2.1%) were angioplasty-related (3 major, 2 minor). Intra-arterial fibrinolysis was found to be the only significant risk factor for overall and puncture-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that US-guided RPAC is at least as safe as other RPAC methods described in the literature. In contrast to generally held concerns, hemostasis is easy to obtain, and multiple punctures and the use of large sheaths appear safe. These results should be taken into consideration during the selection of an access site for endovascular treatment of superficial femoral artery and tandem iliofemoral lesions.     

Comparison of the Temporary Dynamics of NGF and BDNF Gene Expression in Rat Hippocampus,Frontal Cortex,and Retina Under Semax Action

Neurotrophins are a family of structurally related proteins that regulate the survival, differentiation, and maintenance of function of different neuron populations. Some peptides are able to affect the production and activity of neurotrophins. One of these synthetic peptides is heptapeptide Semax, an analog of the N-terminal adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment 4-10. It is known that Semax has effects on learning and memory formation and exerts some neuroprotective effects in rodents and humans. Male Wistar rats were treated for 20 min, 40 min, 90 min, 3 h, 8 h, and 24 h with Semax. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression in rat brain and retina was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. It was revealed that after Semax administration the multidirectional activation of the expression of the genes under investigation in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and retina was observed. The expression of both neurotrophin genes was decreased in rat hippocampus and retina 20 min after Semax administration and was increased in the frontal cortex. The expression levels of NGF remained practically constant in the retina at the initial stage, whereas the expression levels of BDNF were significantly increased 90 min after Semax administration.     

In vivo knockdown of basal forebrain p75 neurotrophin receptor stimulates choline acetyltransferase activity in the mature hippocampus

This study seeks to determine whether knockdown of basal forebrain p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75^NTR) expression elicits increased hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in mature animals. Antisense (AS) oligonucleotides (oligos) targeting p75^NTR were infused into the medial septal area of mature rats continuously for 4 weeks. In all rats, the cannula outlet was placed equidistant between the left and the right sides of the vertical diagonal band of Broca. We tested phosphorothioate (PS), morpholino (Mo), and gapmer (mixed PS/RNA) oligos. Gapmer AS infusions of 7.5 and 22 μg/day decreased septal p75^NTR mRNA by 34% and 48%, respectively. The same infusions increased hippocampal ChAT activity by 41% and 55%. Increased hippocampal ChAT activity correlated strongly with septal p75^NTR downregulation in individual rats. Infusions of PS and Mo AS oligos did not downregulate p75^NTR mRNA or stimulate ChAT activity. These results demonstrate that p75^NTR can dynamically regulate hippocampal ChAT activity in the mature CNS. They also reveal the different efficacies of three diverse AS oligo chemistries when infused intracerebrally. Among the three types, gapmer oligos worked best. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Growth of children living in the outskirts of Ankara: Impact of low socio-economic status

Background:?Most studies of the growth of Turkish schoolchildren are limited to large cities and to subjects from high socio-economic background. Very little is known about growth and development of rural, suburban and low socio-economic children in Turkey.

Aim:?The purpose of this study is to compare height and weight of school-aged children of low socio-economic background with available growth data from high socio-economic strata, and to verify the possible influences of three socio-demographic parameters on their growth.

Subjects and methods:?The sample consisted of 1052 girls and 1223 boys, aged between 7–17 years, living in the outskirts of Ankara, a suburban area of poor socio-economic background. Centile distributions for height and weight were estimated by the LMS-method. ANOVA and Student's t-test were used to compare mean z-scores for height and weight among the various categories of the socio-demographic parameters.

Results:?Children living in the outskirts of Ankara have lower mean values for height and weight when compared with growth data of upper socio-economic strata children. The differences were most pronounced during adolescence. Skinfolds were higher in girls than in boys at all ages (largest p?≤?0.007). There was no clear relationship between growth and the number of siblings, the number of rooms in the house, the mother's and father's education, and the father's professional status (p>0.05), except for the height of girls (p?<?0.05).

Conclusion:?It is suggested that the lower growth status of children living in the outskirts of Ankara is attributable to the poor socio-economic status of this suburban population, which has not changed over the past decades. It is postulated that the growth impairment during adolescence might be due to a reduced tempo of growth in these children.

Résumé. Arrière plan: En Turquie, la plupart des études de croissance ont été limitées à des échantillons de grandes villes et de haut niveau socio-économique. On sait peu de choses sur les modalités de la croissance et du développement des enfants ruraux, périurbains et de niveau socio-économique modeste.

But: Cette étude compare les statures et les poids d’enfants turcs de milieu socioéconomique modeste avec les données des strates socioéconomiques favorisées et analyse les influences éventuelles de trois facteurs sociodémographiques sur leur croissance.

Sujets et méthodes: L’échantillon est formé de 1052 filles et de 1223 garçons âgés de 7 à 17 ans, vivant dans une zone périurbaine défavorisée de la banlieue d’Ankara. Les distributions de centiles pour la stature et pour le poids, ont été estimées par la méthode des moindres carrés et l’analyse de la variance et le test de Student ont été utilisés afin de comparer les z-scores moyens de la stature et du poids en fonction de diverses catégories de paramètres sociodémographiques.

Résultats: Les enfants de la banlieue d’Ankara ont des valeurs moyennes de stature et de poids plus basses que celles des enfants de milieu favorisés, les différences étant plus prononcées lors de l’adolescence. Les plis cutanés sont plus épais chez les filles que chez les garçons quelque soit l’âge (p?≤?0,007). Il n’y a pas d’association nette entre la croissance et le nombre de frères et s?urs, le nombre de pièces du foyer, l’éducation de la mère et du père et le statut professionnel du père (p>0,05), à l’exception de la stature des filles (p<0,05).

Conclusion: Il est vraisemblable que les modalités de croissance moins favorables qu’on observe chez les enfants de la banlieue d’Ankara, soient dues à leur mauvais statut socioéconomique qui n’a pas changé au cours des récentes décennies. On postule que leur déficit de croissance au cours de l’adolescence peut être le fait d’un tempo de croissance réduit.

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die meisten Wachstumsstudien an Türkischen Schulkindern sind auf große Städte und Probanden mit hohem sozioökonomischen Hintergrund beschränkt. In der Türkei ist sehr wenig über Wachstum und Entwicklung von Kindern aus ländlichen Regionen und Vorstädten und Kindern aus niedrigen sozioökonomischen Schichten bekannt.

Ziel: Sinn dieser Studie ist es, Körperhöhe und Gewicht von Kindern mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Hintergrund im Schulalter mit verfügbaren Wachstumsdaten aus hohen sozioökonomischen Schichten zu vergleichen und mögliche Einflüsse von drei soziodemographischen Parametern auf ihr Wachstum nachzuweisen.

Probanden und Methoden: Die Stichprobe bestand aus 1052 Mädchen und 1223 Knaben im Alter zwischen 7 und 17 Jahren, die in den Vorstädten von Ankara wohnen, einem suburbanen Bezirk mit sozioökonomisch ärmlichem Hintergrund. Perzentilverteilungen für Körperhöhe und Gewicht wurden nach der LMS-Methode geschätzt. ANOVA und Student's t-Test wurden verwendet, um mittlere Z-Werte für Körperhöhe und Gewicht zwischen den verschiedenen Kategorien der soziodemographischen Parameter zu vergleichen.

Ergebnisse: Kinder, die in den Vorstädten von Ankara leben, haben, im Vergleich mit Wachstumsdaten aus der oberen sozioökonomischen Schicht, niedrigere Mittelwerte für Körperhöhe und Gewicht. Die Unterschiede waren während der Adoleszenz am stärksten ausgeprägt. In allen Altersgruppen waren Hautfettfalten bei Mädchen dicker als bei Knaben (maximal p<0,007). Es gab keine deutliche Korrelation zwischen Wachstum und Geschwisterzahl, Zimmerzahl im Hause, Bildungsgrad von Müttern und Vätern, und dem beruflichen Status des Vaters (p>0,05), mit Ausnahme der Körperhöhe von Mädchen (p<0,05).

Zusammenfassung: Es wird angenommen, dass das geringere Wachstum von Kindern, die in den Vorstädten von Ankara leben, auf den ärmlichen sozioökonomischen Status dieser suburbanen Bevölkerung, der sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten nicht geändert hat, zurückzuführen ist. Es wird postuliert, dass der Kleinwuchs in der Adoleszenz die Folge eines verringerten Wachstumstempos dieser Kinder ist.

Resumen. Antecedentes: la mayor parte de los estudios de crecimiento de los escolares turcos se limita a las grandes ciudades y a sujetos de nivel socioeconómico alto. Se sabe muy poco sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños rurales suburbanos de nivel socioeconómico bajo de Turquía.

Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio es comparar la estatura y el peso de los escolares de nivel socioeconómico bajo con datos disponibles sobre el crecimiento de los estratos de nivel socioeconómico alto, y verificar las posibles influencias de tres parámetros sociodemográficos sobre su crecimiento.

Sujetos y métodos: la muestra la componen 1.052 niñas y 1.223 niños, de 7 a 17 años de edad, residentes en los extrarradios de Ankara, un área suburbana de nivel socioeconómico pobre. Las distribuciones centilares de la estatura y el peso se estimaron mediante el método LMS. Se utilizaron un test ANOVA y la t de Student para comparar las puntuaciones z medias de la estatura y el peso entre las diferentes categorías según los parámetros sociodemográficos.

Resultados: los niños que residen en los extrarradios de Ankara tenían menores valores medios de estatura y peso cuando se les comparó con los niños de los estratos socioeconómicos más altos. Las diferencias fueron más marcadas durante la adolescencia. Los pliegues eran mayores en las chicas que en los chicos a todas las edades (la mayor p<0,007). No había una relación clara entre el crecimiento y el tamaño de la fratría, el número de habitaciones de la casa, el nivel educativo de la madre y del padre y la situación profesional del padre (p>0,05), excepto para la estatura de las chicas (p<0,05).

Conclusión: se sugiere que el menor nivel de crecimiento de los niños que viven en los extrarradios de Ankara es atribuible al bajo nivel socioeconómico de esta población suburbana, que no ha cambiado durante las últimas décadas. Se postula que las diferencias en el crecimiento durante la adolescencia podrían deberse a una reducción del ritmo de crecimiento en estos niños.     

Calculation of the Biological Efficiency of the Proton Component from 14.8 MeV Neutron Irradiation in Computational Biology with Help of Video Cards

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - Fast neutron therapy, which previously has demonstrated effective results, but along with a large number of complications, can again be considered a...     

Arginine selective biosensor based on arginase-urease immobilized in gelatin

Arginase and urease enzymes were immobilized on the surface of pH electrode by using gelatin membrane which is then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Sensor response was maximum when 2.5 mM, Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) was used at 25 degrees C. The biosensor response depends linearly on arginine concentration between 0.025-0.310 mM with response time 10 min. Furthermore, application of the system for the arginine detection in serum samples was also tested.