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排序方式: 共有167条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
Savin S Cvejic D Isic T Petrovic I Paunovic I Tatic S Havelka M 《Endocrine pathology》2006,17(1):53-60
Thyroperoxidase (TPO) is a thyroid-specific enzyme expressed by differentiated thyroid cells. Initial immunohistochemical
studies claimed that TPO expression, detected by the monoclonal antibody mAb 47, may be a potentially important diagnostic
tool in differentiating malignant from benign lesions. However, some recent studies have failed to reproduce the earlier results,
suggesting the limitations for TPO immunohistochemistry. To assess these observations we have evaluated the immunohistochemical
expression of TPO in thyroid tissue from 215 patients. The studied material included 87 nonmalignant thyroid lesions and 128
thyroid carcinomas. TPO expression was investigated using newly available mAb 47 and staining of less than 80% of the follicular
cells/specimen as the threshold indicating a malignant lesion. We found that TPO had a sensitivity of 89.9% for cancer and
a specificity of 64.4% for nonmalignant lesions, showing that it does not give a sufficient degree of diagnostic certainty
that the lesion is benign. In addition, the variability in the degree of TPO expression found within and between follicular
carcinomas, and the significant number of benign adenomas having similar immunostaining patterns, assured us that TPO immunostaining
is not sufficiently discriminatory in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer versus benign lesions. 相似文献
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Bojko Bjelakovic Stevan Ilic Konstantinos Chouliaras Branislav Milovanovic Vladislav Vukomanovic Tijana Bojic Ljiljana Bjelakovic Tatjana Zaharov 《Pediatric cardiology》2010,31(2):188-194
Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are common pediatric rhythm disorders requiring comprehensive laboratory evaluation. Although
usually idiopathic, implying a benign character and favorable prognosis, the initial clinical approach is still not established
in all cases. Considering their prognostic significance, exercise-induced (precipitated or aggravated) VAs usually require
additional diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up. A number of reports have presented experimental and clinical evidence that
increased sympathetic activity can initiate, or at least facilitate, VAs. Recent data highlight the relationship between exercise-induced
idiopathic VAs (IVAs) and the long-term risk of cardiovascular death. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of heart
rate variability (HRV) analysis as a noninvasive method for estimating autonomic nervous activity in children with exercise-induced
IVAs. The study included 42 children with IVAs, who were divided into two groups: children with exercise-induced (precipitated
or aggravated) IVAs and children with exercised-suppressed IVAs. Time-domain HRV parameters were analyzed from 24-h ambulatory
electrocardiography recordings, and the majority of children underwent an exercise stress test using the McMaster protocol.
The results of this study showed no significant changes in parasympathetic index, i.e., the square root of the mean of the
sum of the squares of the differences between adjacent NN intervals (the length between two successive heartbeats) between
the groups examined. On the other hand, we observed diminished time-domain values for the standard deviation of all adjacent
NN intervals, as well as diminished time-domain values for standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals in all 5-min
segments in the group of children with exercise-induced IVAs, implicating increased sympathetic activity in such individuals. HRV analysis could be a helpful diagnostic method, giving
useful information regarding cardiac autonomic control in some children with exercise-induced IVAs. 相似文献
166.
Tijana Copf 《The European journal of neuroscience》2015,42(6):2234-2249
Proper dendrite morphology is crucial for normal nervous system functioning. While a number of genes have been implicated in dendrite morphogenesis in both invertebrates and mammals, it remains unclear how developing dendrites respond to changes in gene dosage and what type of patterns their responses may follow. To understand this, I review here evidence from the recent literature, focusing on the genetic studies performed in the Drosophila larval dendritic arborization class IV neuron, an excellent cell type to understand dendrite morphogenesis. I summarize how class IV arbors change morphology in response to developmental fluctuations in the expression levels of 47 genes, studied by means of genetic manipulations such as loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function, and for which sufficient information is available. I find that arbors can respond to changing gene dosage in several distinct ways, each characterized by a singular dose–response curve. Interestingly, in 72% of cases arbors are sensitive, and thus adjust their morphology, in response to both decreases and increases in the expression of a given gene, indicating that dendrite morphogenesis is a process particularly sensitive to gene dosage. By summarizing the parallels between Drosophila and mammals, I show that many Drosophila dendrite morphogenesis genes have orthologs in mammals, and that some of these are associated with mammalian dendrite outgrowth and human neurodevelopmental disorders. One notable disease‐related molecule is kinase Dyrk1A, thought to be a causative factor in Down syndrome. Both increases and decreases in Dyrk1A gene dosage lead to impaired dendrite morphogenesis, which may contribute to Down syndrome pathoetiology. 相似文献