贺普丁、卡提素、复方益肝灵联合治疗慢性乙肝36例观察

目的 探讨贺普丁、卡提素、复方益肝灵联合应用治疗慢性乙肝的疗效。方法 对确诊为慢性乙肝的患者随机分 为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用贺普丁、卡提素、复方益肝灵联合用药。贺普丁50mg,口服,每日1次;卡提素0．5mg,穴位注 射,每半月1次;复方益肝灵2片,每日3次,口服。疗程半年。而对照组采用聚肌胞4mg,穴位注射,每周1次;乙肝疫苗 30μg,肌肉注射,每半月1次;护肝片2片,每日3次,口服。疗程半年。结果 治疗组各项指标明显优于对照组。结论 贺普 丁、卡提素及复方益肝灵合用治疗慢性乙肝疗效确切。     

Insights into oxazaphosphorine resistance and possible approaches to its circumvention.

The oxazaphosphorines cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and trofosfamide remain a clinically useful class of anticancer drugs with substantial antitumour activity against a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A major limitation to their use is tumour resistance, which is due to multiple mechanisms that include increased DNA repair, increased cellular thiol levels, glutathione S-transferase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and altered cell-death response to DNA damage. These mechanisms have been recently re-examined with the aid of sensitive analytical techniques, high-throughput proteomic and genomic approaches, and powerful pharmacogenetic tools. Oxazaphosphorine resistance, together with dose-limiting toxicity (mainly neutropenia and neurotoxicity), significantly hinders chemotherapy in patients, and hence, there is compelling need to find ways to overcome it. Four major approaches are currently being explored in preclinical models, some also in patients: combination with agents that modulate cellular response and disposition of oxazaphosphorines; antisense oligonucleotides directed against specific target genes; introduction of an activating gene (CYP3A4) into tumor tissue; and modification of dosing regimens. Of these approaches, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy are perhaps more speculative, requiring detailed safety and efficacy studies in preclinical models and in patients. A fifth approach is the design of novel oxazaphosphorines that have favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and are less vulnerable to resistance. Oxazaphosphorines not requiring hepatic CYP-mediated activation (for example, NSC 613060 and mafosfamide) or having additional targets (for example, glufosfamide that also targets glucose transport) have been synthesized and are being evaluated for safety and efficacy. Characterization of the molecular targets associated with oxazaphosphorine resistance may lead to a deeper understanding of the factors critical to the optimal use of these agents in chemotherapy and may allow the development of strategies to overcome resistance.     

Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid are altered, but recover at different times during hepatic regeneration in rats.

Hepatic regeneration is very critical to the success of living donor liver transplantation, which allows a reduced size liver to grow in size to accommodate the requirements of both the donor and the recipient. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 1) the hepatic metabolism of the two immunosuppressive drugs, tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid (MPA), and 2) the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid at various time points after initiation of hepatic regeneration by partial hepatectomy in rats. The hepatic intrinsic clearance of tacrolimus was decreased to 70% and 51% of the control level at the 24th h and the 6th day, respectively, but returned to normal level by day 14. The total body clearance of tacrolimus was reduced transiently but recovered completely by day 18. The hepatic intrinsic clearance of MPA was decreased to 52% and 51% of that in control rats at the 24th h and the 6th day, respectively, but recovered to normal level by day 14. The total body clearance of MPA was reduced at the 24th h but recovered by day 6. The magnitude of reduction in the clearance of tacrolimus and MPA was much smaller than what was predicted from in vitro data. The elimination clearance of MPA glucuronide was also impaired during hepatic regeneration but recovered to normal level with time. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid were altered during hepatic regeneration but recovered completely at different rates over time. Caution must be exercised in extrapolating in vitro data to in vivo conditions during hepatic regeneration.     

米非司酮致子宫内膜简单型增生二例临床分析

近年来，随着米非司酮应用的日趋广泛，其并发症亦不断增加，尤其是一些少见的以及一些始料未及的并发症，更应引起注意。我院2004年门诊诊治的二例病例，1例为子宫肌瘤剜除术后，1例为子宫腺肌症，在连续口服米非司酮4～6个月后，出现不规则的阴道多量流血，后经诊断性刮宫，二例病理检查均提示为子宫内膜简单型增生。现报道如下：     

三叉神经痛的辨证施治略述

三叉神经痛是指三叉神经分布范围内反复出现的阵发性短暂剧烈疼痛。罹患此病，轻者影响正常生活，重者痛不欲生。患者自觉痛如刀割、锥刺、火灼、电击、常伴有同侧面部肌肉抽搐，一般无感觉缺失等神经传导功能障碍。并常见到有激发点（扳机点）的存在，即如在刷牙、洗脸、进食、言语等动作时，接触三叉神经分布区某一部皮肤或粘膜等，均可激发疼痛发作。     

Prediction of Hidden Blood Loss During Posterior Spinal Surgery

Objective Identification of the risk factors for extraordinary hidden blood loss (HBL) could clarify the underlying causes and provide more appropriate management. This study aims to identify the predictors of HBL in spinal surgery.     

保罗青光眼植入物治疗青光眼的初步观察

目的：初步评估保罗青光眼植入物在青光眼治疗中的有效性和安全性。

方法：回顾性分析2022-03/2023-01接受保罗青光眼植入物治疗的青光眼患者10例10眼的临床资料。至少随访12 mo,观察手术前后视力、眼压和抗青光眼用药数量等指标的变化。

结果：纳入患者末次随访时视力较术前无明显变化; 术前眼压19-60(中位数28)mmHg,末次随访时眼压为10-18(中位数14)mmHg。术前所有患者均需使用2-4种抗青光眼药物,末次随访时仅1例患者需使用。4例患者末次随访时角膜内皮细胞密度较术前明显下降,未发生角膜相关并发症。截至末次随访,10例患者均获得手术成功。

结论：保罗青光眼植入物具有显著的降眼压疗效,角膜内皮细胞损害可能是其存在的隐患。     

Ocular surface in patients with different degrees of myopia

AIM: To investigate the clinical features of the ocular surface in patients with different degrees of myopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 122 participants with myopia in Beijing Tongren Hospital from February to June, 2023. After completing the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score scale, measurements were taken for refraction, biometric parameters and ocular surface parameters. The prevalence, severity and related parameters of the dry eye among different groups based on axial length (AL) were compared. Correlation analysis was performed between ocular surface parameters and refraction/biometric measurement parameters. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in refractive error, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and subfoveal choroidal thickness among the groups (all P<0.05). With the increase in AL, the incidence and severity of dry eye increased significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, the tear film break-up time (BUT) shortened (P<0.05), and the corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) points increased significantly (P<0.05). OSDI scores were positively correlated with AL and spherical equivalent (SE; both P<0.05); BUT was negatively correlated with AL, SE, and corneal astigmatism (AST; all P<0.05); Schirmer I test (SIT) results were negatively correlated with AL and SE (both P<0.05). CONCLUSION: AL elongation is a risk factor for dry eye onset in myopic participants. The longer the AL, the more severe the dry eye is, with the increased CFS spots and tear film instability. Additionally, SE and AST exhibit negative correlations with dry eye symptom scores and ocular surface parameters.     

军事训练伤致腕部尺骨撞击综合征的非手术治疗

目的探讨军事训练伤致尺骨撞击综合征的非手术治疗方法及效果。方法2001年12月—2005年12月,对因训练伤后确诊为腕部尺骨撞击综合征的43例患者给予腕部外固定、关节内注射、局部理疗及口服非甾体类抗炎药物治疗。结果非手术治疗后,19例(44.2%)患者腕部、手部症状出现显著改善,患者恢复伤前工作及训练;13例(30.2%)症状改善,但不能恢复原有工作及训练,仍有11例(25.6%)腕部症状无改善,总有效率为74.4%。结论对训练伤导致尺骨撞击综合征非手术治疗有效,早期诊断、早期治疗是保证疗效的关键。     

Kinetic mechanism on elemental mercury adsorption by brominated petroleum coke in simulated flue gas

A waste byproduct of petroleum coke was obtained as a precursor modified with bromine for elemental mercury capture from simulated flue gas on a bench scale fixed-bed reactor. The reaction temperature, the initial inlet elemental mercury concentration and the individual flue gas components of O₂, NO, SO₂ and HCl were determined to explore their influence on elemental mercury capture by the brominated petroleum coke. Results indicate that high initial inlet mercury concentration can enhance initial mercury accumulation and the optimal temperature for elemental mercury capture by brominated petroleum coke is about 150 °C. Kinetic models reveal that the pseudo-second order and Elovich models are best fitted to the mercury adsorption process, indicating that chemisorption is the control step with the intra-particle diffusion and external mass transfer taking place simultaneously. The kinetic parameters demonstrate that the initial mercury adsorption rate (h or a) and the equilibrium adsorption quantity (Q_e) increase remarkably, when higher concentrations of O₂ or NO exist in N₂ atmosphere. On the contrary, Q_e decreases with the presence of high SO₂ or HCl, which indicates a two-sided effect on the performance of mercury adsorption owing to their concentrations.

A waste byproduct of petroleum coke was obtained as a precursor modified with bromine for elemental mercury capture from simulated flue gas on a bench scale fixed-bed reactor.