A Well-Balanced Positivity-Preserving Quasi-Lagrange Moving Mesh DG Method for the Shallow Water Equations

A high-order, well-balanced, positivity-preserving quasi-Lagrange moving mesh DG method is presented for the shallow water equations with non-flat bottom topography. The well-balance property is crucial to the ability of a scheme to simulate perturbation waves over the lake-at-rest steady state such as waves on a lake or tsunami waves in the deep ocean. The method combines a quasi-Lagrange moving mesh DG method, a hydrostatic reconstruction technique, and a change of unknown variables. The strategies in the use of slope limiting, positivity-preservation limiting, and change of variables to ensure the well-balance and positivity-preserving properties are discussed. Compared to rezoning-type methods, the current method treats mesh movement continuously in time and has the advantages that it does not need to interpolate flow variables from the old mesh to the new one and places no constraint for the choice of a update scheme for the bottom topography on the new mesh. A selection of one- and two-dimensional examples are presented to demonstrate the well-balance property, positivity preservation, and high-order accuracy of the method and its ability to adapt the mesh according to features in the flow and bottom topography.     

医疗器械口咽通气道产品注册的常见问题及改进建议

近年来,医疗器械口咽通气道产品的注册数量日益增加,针对该产品的相关咨询也逐渐增多。但该产品暂无相关的注册技术审查指导原则,以致该产品的注册申报资料经常出现一些共性问题。现根据医疗器械口咽通气道产品相关法规和标准,对日常工作中遇到的常见问题进行归纳,分析该产品注册申报中的技术审评要求及共性问题,并给出对策或建议。     

外周血miR-150-5p、SOCS1 mRNA对类风湿关节炎“病”“证”诊断意义的初步探讨＊

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎患者外周血miR-150-5p、细胞因子信号抑制因子1（suppressor of cytokine signaling 1，SOCS1）mRNA的表达及对类风湿关节炎（Rheumatoid Arthritis，RA）疾病诊断、中医证型判断的意义。方法 纳入符合诊断标准的RA患者57例及健康对照组19例，根据《22个专业95个病种中医诊疗方案》有关RA的中医证候诊断标准，判断RA的中医证型。qPCR检测RA患者及健康对照组miR-150-5p、SOCS1mRNA的相对表达水平，同时检测血常规、肝功能、肾功能等常规指标。双荧光素酶分析方法判断两者是否存在靶向关系。统计分析miR-150-5p、SOCS1 mRNA对RA疾病的诊断意义及其与中医证型的相关性。结果 RA患者外周血miR-150-5p的相对表达水平下调，低于正常人群（t = -19.019，P < 0.05）；其表达水平随疾病活动度升高，有下降趋势；患者外周血SOCS1 mRNA的相对表达水平上调，低于正常人群（t = 5.333，P < 0.05）；其表达水平随疾病活动度升高，有上升趋势。MiR-150-5p与SOCS1 mRNA有靶向结合关系（P < 0.05）。通过AUC曲线比较，miR-150-5p的相对表达水平区分RA的敏感性及特异性分别为98.1%、92.1%（AUC = 0.972，P < 0.05）；SOCS1 mRNA的相对表达水平无法区分RA（AUC = 0.472，P > 0.05）。RA患者中miR-150-5p的相对表达水平低于3.06，RA患者风湿痹阻证、寒湿痹阻证的相对风险分别为8.33、250.00（P < 0.05）。结论 miR-150-5p、SOCS1 mRNA在RA患者中有差异性表达，且有靶向结合关系。miR-150-5p可能是RA的疾病诊断及中医风湿痹阻证、寒湿痹阻证证型诊断的潜在生物标志物。     

硒蛋白P在直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的应用免疫组织化学染色的方法检测硒蛋白P在直肠癌组织中的表达,以探讨其与直肠癌发生的关系及临床意义。方法收集山西大医院2013年6月至2014年5月间行手术治疗并经病理证实的60例直肠癌组织、40例直肠腺瘤组织、40例正常直肠组织,应用SABC法检测上述组织中硒蛋白P的表达情况,结果依据阳性细胞百分率和染色强度进行评价,三组间样本率的比较采用无序行×列表?2检验(α=0.05),两组间样本率的比较采用独立样本?2检验(α=0.016 7),硒蛋白的表达与直肠癌临床病理参数的关系采用四格表?2检验(α=0.05)进行分析。结果硒蛋白P在正常直肠组织、直肠腺瘤组织、直肠癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为82.5%(33/40)、70.0%(28/40)、45.0%(27/60),组间差异有统计学意义(?2=15.680,P<0.001),癌组织与正常组织、腺瘤组织间差异显著(?2=14.063,P<0.001;?2=6.061,P=0.015);硒蛋白的表达与肿瘤大小、是否浸润浆膜有关(P<0.05),与性别、年龄、淋巴结有无转移、肿瘤细胞分化程度、TNM分期无关(P>0.05)。结论硒蛋白在直肠癌中低表达,对直肠癌的发生发展具有重要作用,有望为直肠癌的治疗提供新思路。     

两例 SMILE 术中特殊情况更改 SBK 手术的疗效观察

目的：通过对同一患者双眼不同手术方式的自身对比，了解飞秒扫描后改SBK手术的疗效差异，为不同患者屈光手术方式的选择提供临床指导依据。方法回顾分析2例右眼行飞秒激光小切口透镜取出术（ SMILE），左眼SMILE术中负压环脱失和激光扫描不良透镜分离困难而改行机械刀制瓣准分子激光手术（ SBK）的患者，比较术后视力、等效球镜（ SE）、对比敏感度（ CSF）、波前像差（ HAOS）以及泪膜破裂时间（ BUT）、泪液分泌功能试验（ Schimer I）和SPEED、OSDI干眼症状问卷调查分析差异。结果（1）术后个月，均能达到最佳矫正视力（BSCVA），等效球镜均在±0．75 D以内，双眼比较无显著性差异。（2）CSF的比较，左右眼无显著性差异，略低于正常水平。（3）术后3个月，BUT和Schimer检查中，双眼无显著性差异。（4）HAOS比较中，总像差RMS和高阶像差这两项， SMILE眼低于SBK眼；球差（S）的比较，SMILE眼高于SBK眼。（5）SPEED和OSDI问卷评分双眼无显著差异。结论 SMILE失败眼改SBK后视觉质量与SMILE眼无显著差异，其视觉质量、疗效不受影响。     

Assessment of toxicity using dehydrogenases activity and mathematical modeling

Dehydrogenase activity is frequently used to assess the general condition of microorganisms in soil and activated sludge. Many studies have investigated the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity by various compounds, including heavy metal ions. However, the time after which the measurements are carried out is often chosen arbitrarily. Thus, it can be difficult to estimate how the toxic effects of compounds vary during the reaction and when the maximum of the effect would be reached. Hence, the aim of this study was to create simple and useful mathematical model describing changes in dehydrogenase activity during exposure to substances that inactivate enzymes. Our model is based on the Lagergrens pseudo-first-order equation, the rate of chemical reactions, enzyme activity, and inactivation and was created to describe short-term changes in dehydrogenase activity. The main assumption of our model is that toxic substances cause irreversible inactivation of enzyme units. The model is able to predict the maximum direct toxic effect (MDTE) and the time to reach this maximum (T_MDTE). In order to validate our model, we present two examples: inactivation of dehydrogenase in microorganisms in soil and activated sludge. The model was applied successfully for cadmium and copper ions. Our results indicate that the predicted MDTE and T_MDTE are more appropriate than EC₅₀ and IC₅₀ for toxicity assessments, except for long exposure times.     

Melatonin induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through HDAC4 nuclear import mediated by CaMKII inactivation

Melatonin induces apoptosis in many different cancer cell lines, including colorectal cancer. However, the precise mechanisms involved remain largely unresolved. In this study, we provide evidence to reveal a new mechanism by which melatonin induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer LoVo cells. Melatonin at pharmacological concentrations significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. The observed apoptosis was accompanied by the melatonin‐induced dephosphorylation and nuclear import of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Pretreatment with a HDAC4‐specific siRNA effectively attenuated the melatonin‐induced apoptosis, indicating that nuclear localization of HDAC4 is required for melatonin‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, constitutively active Ca²⁺/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) abrogated the melatonin‐induced HDAC4 nuclear import and apoptosis of LoVo cells. Furthermore, melatonin decreased H3 acetylation on bcl‐2 promoter, leading to a reduction of bcl‐2 expression, whereas constitutively active CaMKIIα(T286D) or HDAC4‐specific siRNA abrogated the effect of melatonin. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that melatonin‐induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer LoVo cells largely depends on the nuclear import of HDAC4 and subsequent H3 deacetylation via the inactivation of CaMKIIα.     

Knowledge and Usage of Emergency Contraceptives Among University Students in Ghana

Contraceptive use is an important strategy for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy and avoidance of induced abortion. Of all the contraception methods, emergency contraceptive (EC) offers the last chance to achieve this. However, few studies have documented the use of EC among young people in Ghana. This study explored knowledge and usage of EC as well as the factors associated with it among University of Cape Coast students. Data were obtained on the knowledge and usage of ECs among University of Cape Coast students in 2013. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between students’ socio-demographic characteristics and EC knowledge and use. More male students (72 %) than females (59 %) were sexually active. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents had ever heard of EC and 36 % had ever used EC. Although males were more likely to be sexually active, females were more likely to have knowledge of EC use compared to males. The study underscores the need to increase awareness regarding EC among University students in order to offer them the opportunity that EC provides if other forms of contraceptives are missed.     

Congenital Heart Disease in Adolescents With Gluteal Muscle Contracture

Gluteal muscle contracture (GMC), presented with hip abduction and external rotation when crouching, is common in several ethnicities, particularly in Chinese. It remains unclear that the reasons why these children are weak and have no choice to accept repeated intramuscular injection. Here, we found some unique cases which may be useful to explain this question.We describe a series of special GMC patients, who are accompanied with congenital heart disease (CHD). These cases were first observed in preoperative examinations of a patient with atrial septal defect (ASD), which was proved by chest X-ray and cardiac ultrasound. From then on, we gradually identified additional 3 GMC patients with CHD. The original patient with ASD was sent to cardiosurgery department to repair atrial septal first and received arthroscopic surgery later. While the other 3 were cured postoperative of ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of fallot (TOF), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), respectively, and had surgery directly.The study gives us 3 proposals: (1) as to CHD children, it is essential to decrease the use of intramuscular injection, (2) paying more attention to cardiac examination especially cardiac ultrasound in perioperative period, and (3) taking 3D-CT to reconstruct gluteal muscles for observing contracture bands clearly in preoperation. However, more larger series of patients are called for to confirm these findings.