Lasers as tools for mycology.

Methods of preparing fungal samples for chemical analysis are briefly considered. The basic principles employed in laser microscopy are outlined. The applications of the technique to mycology and to plant biology are discussed. Such a method allows chemical information to be obtained on the same sample and permits the detection of 74 elements in the periodic system of Mendeleev from lithium (3) to uranium (92). The preparative procedures are evaluated according to general histochemical principles. This technique requires little specimen preparation and has the advantage of not requiring large masses of tissue.     

Study of allergenic fungi by means of a laser beam.

Laser microscopy was employed to detect some elements of Mendeleev's classification in allergenic moulds for humans. It permits the detection of 74 elements in the periodic system, from lithium (3) to uranium (92). This method requires little specimen preparation and has the advantage of not requiring large masses of tissue.     

Posterior urethral valves in adult with Down syndrome

Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) in patients with Down syndrome (DS) have been previously described. However, no case of PUVs has been reported in an adult patient with DS. We report on a 40-year-old man with DS, who presented with two severe urinary infections and obstructive symptoms. He was found to have type 3 PUVs associated with bladder neck sclerosis. PUV resection and bladder neck incision were done. Because PUVs seem to be more frequent in patients with DS, complete investigations should be performed, even in adults with DS, in the case of urinary infection or lower urinary tract symptoms.