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61.
Amagai T Mouri T Kirii K Hori T Kaneko M Ohkawa H 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement》2002,(29):S19-S22
1. Biliary atresia (BA), as a common disease in Japan, and cystic fibrosis (CF), as an extremely uncommon disease in Japan, were selected to assess the clinical significance of measurement of energy expenditure (EE). 2. Energy expenditure was significantly higher in children with BA than in normal children. 3. Measurement of EE in BA lead to clues to resolving its mechanism by novel assessment of interleukin-6 and leptin. 4. Energy expenditure in children with CF is also higher, but this has been addressed by nutritional intervention with additional calories. 5. Individualization of EE measurement is necessary in the analysis of pathological mechanisms and nutritional management of patients with both common and uncommon diseases. 相似文献
62.
63.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments that contained cox2 or atp6 loci were cloned from three accessions of wild soybean (Glycine soja) in order to understand the evolutionary changes of mitochondrial genomes in the genus Glycine subgenus Soja. Cox2 was cloned as a single configuration, while atp6 was cloned as either one or two configurations from each accession. Structural variations were detected in the 5′ upstream
region of cox2 and in both the 5′ upstream and 3′ downstream regions of atp6. These variations appeared to be the results of recombination events. A comparison of the mtDNA fragments previously cloned
from a cultivated soybean (G. max) and a wild soybean revealed various sites of recombination, as well as various combinations of the 5′ and 3′ regions, at
the cox2 and atp6 loci. Some of the cloned fragments were found to contain a set of repeated sequences, namely 299-bp and 23-bp repeats in
the 5′ region of cox2 or atp6, which were interspersed in the mitochondrial genome in the subgenus Soja. Recombination events involving the 299-bp or 23-bp repeated sequences were shown to account for the generation of structural
variations in the 5′ regions of these loci.
Received: 21 March / 4 August 1998 相似文献
64.
65.
The development and distribution of lymphocyte subsets in bovine gut-associated lymphoid tissues (ileal and jejunal Peyer's patches (PP)) were examined. Before birth, the composition of lymphocyte subsets in both PP follicles did not differ except for the dimensions of the interfollicular area and the dome region. Many IgM+ cells were observed in these follicles, but very few CD3+, IgG+, and IgA+ cells could be found. At neonatal period, the IgG+ cells, which did not produce IgG mRNA, were dominant within both PP follicles. From 1 month after birth, many CD3+ cells, IgG mRNA expression, and IgA mRNA expression were detected within the jejunal PP follicles, but very few were in the ileal PP follicles. These data suggest that the characteristics of the jejunal PP follicles metamorphose into secondary lymphoid tissue such as germinal centers at around 1 month after birth, whereas the characteristics of ileal PP follicles were distinct from those of germinal centers. 相似文献
66.
Pseudotype hepatitis C virus enters immature myeloid dendritic cells through the interaction with lectin 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kaimori A Kanto T Kwang Limn C Komoda Y Oki C Inoue M Miyatake H Itose I Sakakibara M Yakushijin T Takehara T Matsuura Y Hayashi N 《Virology》2004,324(1):74-83
Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that regulate immune responses. One of the mechanisms for hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistence is the ability of HCV to suppress DC function. Direct HCV infection to blood DC has been implicated for DC dysfunction. To clarify the susceptibility of each DC subset to HCV, we used pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) coated with chimeric HCV envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2). We demonstrate that pseudotype VSV enters myeloid DC (MDC) but not plasmacytoid DC (PDC). The highest efficiency of pseudotype VSV entry to MDC was observed when MDC were cultured with GM-CSF. Such efficiency decreased when MDC are matured with the treatment of IL-4, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, or CD40 ligand. Mannan inhibited pseudotype VSV entry to MDC, but Ca(2+) chelators failed to do so. These results show that pseudotype VSV possessing HCV-E1 and E2 enters immature MDC through the interaction with lectins in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. 相似文献
67.
Kida T Nishihira Y Hatta A Wasaka T Nakata H Sakamoto M Nakajima T 《European journal of applied physiology》2003,89(3-4):326-330
We investigated the relationship between somatosensory event-related potentials (ERP) and the variation of reaction time (RT).
For this purpose, we recorded the ERPs (N250 and P300) in fast- and slow-reaction trials during a somatosensory discrimination
task. Strong, standard, and weak target electrical stimuli were randomly delivered to the left median nerve at the wrist with
a random interstimulus interval (900–1,100 ms). All the subjects were instructed to respond by pressing a button with their
right thumb as fast as possible whenever a target stimulus was presented. We divided all the trials into fast- and slow-RT
trials and averaged the data. N250 latency tended to be delayed when the RT was slow, but not significantly. P300 latency
was delayed significantly when the RT was slow, but to a much lesser extent than the RT delay, so we concluded that the change
of RT was not fully determined by the processes reflected by the somatosensory N250 or P300. Furthermore, the larger and earlier
P300 in the fast-RT trials implied that when larger amounts of attentional resources were allocated to a given task, the speed
of stimulus evaluation somewhat increased and RT was shortened to a great extent. N250 amplitude did not significantly vary
in the two RT clusters. In conclusion, the somatosensory N250 reflects active target detection, which is relatively independent
of the modulation of the response speed, whereas the somatosensory P300 could change without manipulation of either the stimulus
or the response processing demand.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
68.
Yuya Yamashita Tetsuo Tsuda Hiroyasu Ishida Akihiko Uchikawa Yasuhisa Kuriyama 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1968,113(1):139-146
The copolymerization behavior of β-propiolactone (PL) and α.α-bischloromethyl β-propiolactone (α-BCPL) is correlated with the mode of fission. With sodium acetate as catalyst, the formation of β-acetoxy propionic acid at the initiation reaction was observed and α-BCPL was more than five times as reactive as PL in copolymerization. Thus propagation by carboxylate anion through alkyl-oxygen fission was presumed in the case of pyridine and the acetate of Na, Li, and Mg as catalyst. On the other hand, the formation of ethyl β-hydroxy propionate and the decreased reactivity of α-BCPL in copolymerization was observed with magnesium and aluminum ethoxide as catalyst. In the case of the ethoxide of Na, Li, and Al, and Et2Mg or Et3Al as catalyst, propagation by alkoxide anions through acyl-oxygen fission of the coordinated lactones was presumed. 相似文献
69.
Tadashi Narita Tokio Hagiwara Hiroshi Hamana Takehiko Miyasaka Akira Wakayama Tetsuo Hotta 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1987,188(2):273-279
The anionic polymerizations of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate ( 1a ), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate ( 1b ), 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-trifluoromethylethyl acrylate ( 2a ), and 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-trifluoromethylethyl methacrylate ( 2b ) were examined with triethylaluminium and diethylaluminium active methylene chelate compounds as initiators. 2b was polymerized with triethylaluminium. Diethyl(ethyl cyanoacetato)aluminium was found to produce polymers of 1a and 1b . Diethyl(acetylacetonato)aluminium and diethyl (dimethyl malonato)aluminium, however, show low reactivity towards these four monomers. The resulting polymers show unimodal molecular weight distribution with number-average molecular weights of 104?105, measured by GPC. The initiation reaction and the copolymerization reactivity with styrene support the anionic polymerization mechanism. 相似文献
70.
Mice deficient in the B cell adaptor for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (BCAP) have reduced numbers of mature B lymphocytes, which show defects in cell survival and proliferation. We found here that the NF-kappa B (Rel) pathway was impaired in BCAP-deficient mature B cells and that NF-kappa B target genes, indispensable for cell survival and division, were not induced in response to B cell receptor (BCR) stimulation. Among the NF-kappa B (Rel) family, expression of c-Rel was specifically reduced in BCAP-deficient B cells. Retrovirus-mediated reintroduction of c-Rel restored the pool size of immunoglobulin (Ig)M(lo)IgD(hi) mature B cells in the spleen as well as proliferative responses to BCR stimulation. These results indicate BCAP is essential in the maintenance of mature B cells through functional coupling with c-Rel. 相似文献