前胡丙素与硝苯啶对大鼠工作心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

大鼠ip前胡丙素(Pra-C 15 mg/kg,bid×3d)和硝苯啶(Nif 60μg/kg,bid×3d),使离体缺血再灌注工作心脏的收缩(AP,LVSP,+dP/dt_max)舒张(-dP/dt_max LVEDP和T值)性能在35min时得到改善,尤以舒张性能改善明显,并能促进CO,CF,SV及HR恢复,改善心脏工作效率,减少CK释放和心肌线粒体钙含量,表明Pra-C和Nif对心肌缺血都有保护作用,Pra-C的效应与Nif相近。     

Determination of vitamin B6 in pharmaceutical formulations by flow injection-solid phase spectrophotometry

In this work, a new solid phase spectrophotometric method in association with flow injection analysis for Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) determination has been developed with direct measurement of light-absorption in C18 material. In the developed method, successive passage of the complex, previously formed in the flowing stream, and eluent through the flow cell and continuous monitoring of the process provided the analytical information needed to determine pyridoxine. Pharmaceutical samples containing Vitamin B6 were previously dissolved in 0.1 mol l(-1) phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5) and a sample volume of 235 microl was injected directly into carrier stream consisting of a mixture of methanol and 0.1 mol l(-1) phosphate buffer solution adjusted to pH 7.0 (1+1, v/v). The blue indophenol dye produced from the reaction between pyridoxine and N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine after oxidation by potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) was quantitatively retained on C18 support and the spectrophotometric detection was performed simultaneously at 633 nm. The retained complex was quickly eluted from C18 material with the eluent stream consisting of a mixture of methanol and 0.01 mol l(-1) HCl (6+4, v/v). The results showed that the proposed method is simple, rapid and the analytical response is linear in the concentration range of 0.5-10 and 0.2-4 mg l(-1) using 235 and 860 microl of sample, respectively. The limits of detection are 0.15 and 0.060 mg l(-1) and the R.S.D. are 3.6% (at 2 mg l(-1) level) and 4.0% (at 1 mg l(-1) level) using sample volume of 235 and 860 microl, respectively. The system presented an analytical throughput of 15 determinations per hour when a sample volume of 235 microl was utilized. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of Vitamin B6 in pharmaceutical formulations containing vitamins of B group and others active principles such as Vitamin C and minerals.     

Does the publication of NICE guidelines for venous thromboembolism chemical prophylaxis influence the prescribing patterns of UK hip and knee surgeons?

IntroductionWe assessed the practice of surgeons regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemical prophylaxis for total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR), before and after issuing of updated National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance in 2018.MethodsA survey, circulated through the British Hip Society and regional trainee networks/collaboratives, was completed by 306 UK surgeons at 187 units. VTE chemical prophylaxis prescribing patterns for surgeons carrying out primary THR (n=258) and TKR (n=253) in low-risk patients was assessed after publication of 2018 NICE recommendations. Prescribing patterns before and after the NICE publication were subsequently explored.ResultsFollowing the new guidance, 34% (n=87) used low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) alone, 33% (n=85) aspirin (commonly preceded by LMWH) and 31% (n=81) direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs: with/without preceding LMWH) for THR. For TKR, 42% (n=105) used aspirin (usually monotherapy), 31% (n=78) LMWH alone and 27% (n=68) DOAC (with/without preceding LMWH). NICE guidance changed the practice of 34% of hip surgeons and 41% of knee surgeons, with significantly increased use of aspirin preceded by LMWH for THR (before=25% vs after=73%; p<0.001), and aspirin for TKR (before=18% vs after=84%; p<0.001). Significantly more regimens were NICE guidance compliant after the 2018 update for THR (before=85.7% vs after=92.6%; p=0.011) and TKR (before=87.0% vs after=98.8%; p<0.001).ConclusionOver one-third of surveyed surgeons changed their VTE chemical prophylaxis in response to 2018 NICE recommendations, with more THR and TKR surgeons now compliant with latest NICE guidance. The major change in practice was an increased use of aspirin for VTE chemical prophylaxis.     

Prevalência das Complicações Cardiovasculares nos Indivíduos com Anemia Falciforme e Outras Hemoglobinopatias: Uma Revisão Sistemática

BackgroundSickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary disease whose cardiovascular complications are the main cause of death, the same being observed in other hemoglobinopathies. Early identification of these changes can favorably modify the course of the disease.ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of cardiovascular complications between individuals with SCA and individuals with other hemoglobinopathies.MethodFollowing the recommendations of the PRISMA protocol, a systematic literature review was carried out with searches in PubMed/Medline databases, associated with a manual search. Studies that analyzed the prevalence of cardiovascular alterations in hemoglobinopathies (SCA, sickle cell trait, SC hemoglobinopathy, alpha-thalassemia and beta-thalassemia) were included. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.ResultsFour studies were selected for analysis, resulting in a sample size of 582 participants: 289 with SCA, 133 with SC hemoglobinopathy, 40 with beta-thalassemia, 100 healthy individuals and none with alpha-thalassemia or sickle cell trait. Dilatation of the cardiac chambers, left and right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, diastolic dysfunction, mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation are more prevalent in SCA than in the other hemoglobinopathies considered. Myocardial iron overload is more frequent in thalassemia major than in sickle cell anemia. Systolic function is similar between different hemoglobinopathies.ConclusionThere is greater cardiovascular impairment in individuals with SCA than in those with other hemoglobinopathies, reinforcing the necessity for regular cardiovascular follow-up in sickle cell patients.     

Isoflavone Protects the Renal Tissue of Diabetic Ovariectomized Rats via PPARγ

Diabetes associated with post-menopause is related to a worse condition of kidney disease. Taking into consideration that this disorder may be regulated by estrogenic mediators, we evaluated the renal protective effect of isoflavone. We investigated the role of the PPARγ in the pathogenesis of the disease. For this study, we used diabetic female rats in a postmenopausal model through ovariectomy. The animals were treated with isoflavone or 17β-estradiol. A dosage was administered to bring on blood glycemia, and through immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the immunoreactivity of PPARγ in the endometrium and renal tissue. We analyzed the immunoreactivity of renal injury molecule KIM-1 and the collagen and glycogen densities in the kidney. Through bioinformatics analysis, we observed PPARγ and COL1A1 gene expression under the influence of different glucose doses. In particular, we observed that isoflavone and 17β-estradiol regulate blood glycemia. Renal injury was inhibited by isoflavone, observed by a reduction in KIM-1, along with glycogen accumulation. These benefits of isoflavone may be associated with PPARγ overexpression in the kidneys and endometrium of diabetic ovariectomized rats.