Potential risk of mitomycin Cat high concentrations on peripheral nerve structure

Although the local application of mitomycin C may prevent epidural adhesion after laminectomy, mitomycin C can induce neurotoxicity in optic and acoustic nerves at high concentrations. To determine the safe concentration range for mitomycin C, cotton pads soaked with mitomycin C at different concentrations(0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mg/mL) were immediately applied for 5 minutes to the operation area of rats that had undergone laminectomy at L1. Rat sciatic nerves, instead of dorsal nerves, were used in this study. The results showed that mitomycin C at 0.1–0.5 mg/mL did not damage the structure and function of the sciatic nerve, while at 0.7 mg/mL, mitomycin C significantly reduced the thickness of the sciatic nerve myelin sheath compared with lower concentrations, though no functional change was found. These experimental findings indicate that the local application of mitomycin C at low concentrations is safe to prevent scar adhesion following laminectomy, but that mitomycin C at high concentrations( 0.7 mg/mL) has potential safety risks to peripheral nerve structures.     

主流式CO2浓度检测模块研制

介绍了一种主流式的CO2浓度检测模块的研制。该模块采用非分光红外方法（Non-Dispersive Infra-Red，NDIR）实现信号的提取，结构为主流式的一体化检测室设计，利用多种补偿算法提高检测精度，可实现呼吸CO2浓度，呼吸率等参数的连续检测。     

联合术式合并异体肌腱重建圆韧带治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位

目的探讨联合术式合并异体肌腱重建圆韧带治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)的手术方法及疗效。方法对48例小儿DDH患者(56髋)行软组织松解、股骨上段截骨、Salter或Pemberton髂骨截骨及异体肌腱移植、重建圆韧带术治疗,测定并对比手术前后的AI、CE角等指标,采用Severin影像学及McKay临床疗效评价标准评价疗效。结果 AI由术前36.2°~58.1°降低至11.4°~21.3°,CE角由术前-10°~-50°提高至12°~45°,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。患儿均获随访,时间1~4年。根据Severin X线评定标准:优30髋(53.6%),良21髋(37.5%),可5髋(8.9%)。根据McKay临床疗效评定标准:优29髋(51.8%),良20髋(35.7%),可4髋(7.1%),差3髋(5.4%)。结论联合术式结合异体肌腱重建圆韧带治疗DDH有利于提高成功率、减少并发症,但须强调联合化及个体化原则。     

膜生物反应器的设计及运行优化

膜生物反应器(MBR)是集生物降解和膜分离于一体的高效的新型水处理技术。膜生物反应器运行的经济性及处理废水的效率决定于膜生物反应器设计及运行参数的的合理性。文章从膜生物反应器的设计及运行参数优化方面予以综述。     

The measurement of serum cholinesterase activities by an integration strategy with expanded linear ranges and negligible substrate-activation

Objectives

To measure serum cholinesterase (SCHE) with an integration strategy.

Design and methods

At 54.0 μmol/L butyrylthiolcholine, SCHE initial rates were calculated with 50.0 μmol/L butyrylthiolcholine and maximal rates via an improved integrated method if substrate consumptions within 5.0 min were over 60%, or were determined by the classical initial rate method.

Results

The linear range was from 16 to 1560 nkat/L, and SCHE in clinic sera showed negligible substrate-activation.

Conclusion

This strategy was effective.     

高危肾盂癌患者的简化手术治疗

目的:探讨高危肾盂癌患者的治疗方法。方法:自2009年7月~2012年12月对14例高龄且伴有严重并发症的肾盂癌患者行经腹膜后途径腹腔镜下肾脏+中上段输尿管切除术,术后正规膀胱灌注表柔比星注射液,以预防再发膀胱癌,并定期进行影像学及膀胱镜检查。结果:14例手术全部成功,手术时间63~105min,平均78.3min。术后24~48小时恢复饮食,5~9天出院。术后病理检查2例为鳞状细胞癌,12例为尿路上皮细胞癌;其中2例为浸润性肾盂癌伴肾门处淋巴结转移。术后13例得到随访,1例失访;随访8~36个月,平均21.4个月。1例术后13个月死于肺部转移,2例术后21个月因心肺疾病死亡;2例术后再发膀胱癌,行根治性全膀胱切除。结论:对于高危肾盂癌患者,简化手术,腹腔镜下切除肾脏+中上段输尿管,术后配合正规膀胱灌注化疗是一种有效安全的治疗方法。     

Clinical and radiographic outcomes of dynamic cervical implant replacement for treatment of single-level degenerative cervical disc disease: a 24-month follow-up

Purpose

To determine the role of dynamic cervical implant (DCI) replacement for single-level degenerative cervical disc disease in Chinese patients.

Methods

Thirty patients with single-level degenerative cervical disc disease were prospectively enrolled between April 2010 and August 2010 (12 women, 18 men; mean age 56.5 years). All patients underwent anterior cervical decompression, DCI replacement, clinical and radiological assessments preoperatively and at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores. Lateral neutral radiographs provided the intervertebral space height. Lateral dynamic radiographs were taken to measure the range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine and functional spinal unit (FSU) of the treated segment. We compared the amount of motion of the adjacent vertebral endplate and the intrinsic motion of the implant and calculated a correlation analysis.

Results

DCI showed good clinical and radiographic outcomes. At the final follow-up, JOA, VAS, NDI, and SF-36 average scores improved significantly. The intervertebral space height increased slightly after operation and was maintained during follow up. The ROM of the cervical spine and FSU decreased at early follow-up, but recovered to the preoperative level within 1–2 years. There was a high index of linear correlation between the motion of the adjacent vertebral endplate and the intrinsic motion of the implant.

Conclusions

DCI provided elastic dynamic stability for the targeted segment, and restored and sustained intervertebral space height and ROM of the cervical spine.     

Multiaxial high-modularity spinopelvis (HMSP) fixation device in neuromuscular scoliosis: a comparative study

Purpose

To compare radiological and clinical results in patients operated for neuromuscular scoliosis with pelvic fixation using high-modularity spinopelvic screw (HMSP) designed by authors.

Methods

Of 54 patients with neuromuscular scoliosis, group 1 comprised of 27 patients with conventional pelvic fixation; and group 2 comprised of 27 patients using HMSP. Results were evaluated radiologically and functionally. We compared preoperative and postoperative complications, especially the loosening or breakage of spinopelvis fixation device, failure of fixation, and the change of shadow around the spinopelvis fixation device.

Results

There was no difference of correctional power, preoperative average Cobb’s angle of each group was 79.8 and 75 to postoperative 30.2 and 28.3 (P < 0.05). Pelvic obliquity improved from average 18.3°–8.9° in group I and average 24.3°–12.5° in group II (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between two groups (P > 0.05). Average blood loss was 2,698 ml in group 1 and 2,414.8 ml in group 2 (P > 0.05). Average operative time was 360 min in group 1 and 332 min in group 2 (P = 0.30). There was no difference found between two groups regarding gait and functional evaluation. On the all cases of group 1 and 2, the change of shadow around the spinopelvis fixation device was observed. There was one case of the fracture of spinopelvis fixation device in group I.

Conclusion

There was no difference of Cobb’s angle and correctional power between the groups using HMSP when compared with the group using standard spinopelvis fixation device. Therefore, HMSP can be used more effectively in case of neuromuscular scoliosis.     

The risk factors of neurologic deficits of one-stage posterior vertebral column resection for patients with severe and rigid spinal deformities

Purpose

To determine the risk factors of neurologic deficits during PVCR correction, so as to help improve safety during and after surgery.

Methods

A consecutive series of 76 patients with severe and rigid spinal deformities who were treated with PVCR at a single institution between October 2004 and July 2011 were included in our study. Of the 76 patients, 37 were male and 39 female, with an average age of 17.5 years (range 10–48 years). There were 52 adolescent patients (with an age <18 years) and 24 adult patients (with an age ≥18 years). Preoperatively, postoperatively and 6 months after surgery, we performed systemically neurologic function evaluations of each patients through meticulous physical examination. Any new abnormality or deterioration in evaluation of neurologic function than preoperative is reckoned postoperative neurologic deficits. Ten variables that might affect the safety of neurologic deficits during PVCR procedures, including imaging factors, clinical factors and operational factors, were analyzed using univariate analysis. Then the variables with statistical difference were analyzed by using multi-factor unconditional logistic regression analysis.

Results

No patient in this series had permanent paraplegia and nerve root injury due to operation. Change of neurologic status was found in six patients after surgery. Results of single-factor comparison demonstrated that the following seven variables were statistically different (P < 0.05): location of apex at main curve (X ₃), Cobb angle at the main curve at the coronal plane (X ₄), scoliosis associated with thoracic hyperkyphosis (X ₅), level of vertebral column resected (X ₆), number of segmental vessels ligated (X ₇), preexisting neurologic dysfunction (X ₈), and associated with intraspinal and brain stem anomalies (X ₉). The multi-factor unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that X ₈ (OR = 49.322), X ₉ (OR = 18.423), X ₅ (OR = 11.883), and X ₆ (OR = 8.769) were independent and positively correlated with the neurologic deficit.

Conclusions

Preexisting neurologic dysfunction, associated with intraspinal and brain stem anomalies, scoliosis associated with thoracic hyperkyphosis and level of vertebral column resected are independent risk factors for neurologic deficits during PVCR procedure.     

长春瑞滨化疗性静脉炎动物模型的建立

目的探讨建立长春瑞滨化疗性静脉炎动物模型适宜的给药浓度,为化疗性静脉炎的发生机制研究提供实验基础。方法选择实验用健康家兔28只,采用随机数字表法分为四组各7只。均于一侧耳缘静脉注药建模。第1组注射生理盐水10mL作为阴性对照,其余3组将长春瑞滨用10mL生理盐水溶解,分别按12.5mg/m2、25mg/m2和50mg/m2剂量注射。结果长春瑞滨组静脉炎症反应出现于注射后24h,48h左右表现最显著,约于1周恢复。25mg/m2组、50mg/m2组注射后48h有典型的静脉炎病理变化,50mg/m2组4只家兔分别于药物注射后第7～10天死亡,25mg/m2组家兔无死亡。结论参照人体用量采用长春瑞滨25mg/m2于家兔耳缘静脉化疗,能较好建立化疗性静脉炎动物模型。