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Exercise Training Improves Plasma Lipid and Inflammatory Profiles and Increases Cholesterol Transfer to High‐Density Lipoprotein in Elderly Women 下载免费PDF全文
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Carolina Nazzal Steven Shea Cecilia Castro-Diehl Tania Alfaro Patricia Frenz Carlos J. Rodriguez 《Global Heart》2018,13(1):19-26
Background
Social determinants differ between countries, which is not always considered when adapting health policies and interventions to face inequalities in noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors.Objectives
The study sought to analyze educational inequalities in controlled blood pressure (CBP), obesity, and smoking in study populations from Chile and the United States in 2 periods, both countries with large social inequalities.Methods
The study used data from the first and fifth waves of the MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) cohort, and the 2003 and 2009 to 2010 Chilean National Health Survey (CNHS) survey outcome measures. The study compared cardiovascular risk factors prevalence as well as relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII) between the 2 samples.Results
In the CNHS 67.9% and 52.6% of participants had below primary education in 2003 and 2009 to 2010, respectively, compared with 12.3% and 8.1% in the first and fifth waves of the MESA study, respectively. Smoking prevalence was higher and increased in the CNHS compared with the MESA study, concentrated in better-educated women in both years (RII: 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17 to 0.68; and RII: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.89, respectively). In contrast, smoking decreased over time in the MESA study in all socioeconomic strata, although relative inequalities increased in both sexes (for women, RII: 2.32; 95% CI 1.36 to 3.97; for men, RII: 3.34; 95% CI 2.04 to 5.47). CBP prevalence in both periods was higher in the first and fifth waves of the MESA study (69.7% and 80.2%) compared with the 2003 and 2009 to 2010 CNHS samples (34.2% and 52.3%), but only for the MESA study RII, favoring the better educated, was it significant in both periods and sexes. Obesity inequalities for Chilean women decreased slightly between 2003 and 2009 as prevalence grew in the most educated (RII: 2.21 to 1.68; SII: 0.29 to 0.22, respectively); conversely, they increased for both sexes in the MESA study.Conclusions
The study findings confirm that patterns and trends in prevalence, and absolute and relative inequalities vary by country, suggesting that context and cultural issues matters. 相似文献54.
Juan-Carlos de Vicente Tania Rodríguez-Santamarta Ignacio Pe?a Lucas Villalaín álvaro Fernández-Valle Manuel González-García 《Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal》2015,20(5):e547-e553
Background
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of level IIb metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).Material and Methods
A prospective analysis of 56 patients with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment of the primary lesion with simultaneous neck dissection was performed. During neck dissection, level IIb lymph nodes were separately removed and processed. Neck dissection was bilateral in 26 patients (46%) and unilateral in 30 patients (54%).Results
The mean number of nodes found in the level IIb specimens was 4.7 (range: 0-8 nodes). The prevalence of metastasis at level IIb was 0% in pN0 necks and 3.4% in pN+ necks, with an overall prevalence of 1.8%. A significant association between metastasis to level IIb and type of neck dissection was observed. There were no isolated metastases to level IIb without the involvement of other nodes in the remaining neck specimen. Four regional recurrences were observed during follow-up.Conclusions
Based on our findings, we suggest that dissection of the level IIb region in patients with OSCC may be required only in patients with multilevel neck metastasis or if level IIa metastasis is found intraoperatively. Key words: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, neck dissection, level IIb, metastasis, spinal accessory nerve. 相似文献55.
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