鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染分布特征及耐药性分析

目的研究鲍曼不动杆菌的医院感染分布特征及其对常见抗生素的耐药性。方法采用回顾性方法统计分析206株鲍曼不动杆菌的标本来源、感染科室分布及耐药状况。结果 206株鲍曼不动杆菌中,来自痰液154株（74.76%）,来源于咽拭子18株（8.74%）及伤口分泌物15株（7.28%）;感染科室分别为呼吸内科64株（31.07%）,重症监护病房（ICU）35株（16.99%）,血液内科30株（14.56%）。药物敏感试验结果显示,鲍曼不动杆菌对β-内酰胺类、氨基苷类、喹诺酮类均有较高的耐药性,而对碳青酶烯类、β-内酰胺类及含酶抑制剂复合药物较敏感,其中最敏感的是亚胺培南（91.8%）,其次是美罗培南（84.5%）。结论鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株多来自于痰液标本和呼吸科病房,对多种抗菌药物的耐药率较高,临床应加强对鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性的监控并防治耐药菌株的传播流行。     

不同产地青风藤中青藤碱的含量比较

目的比较不同产地青风藤的青藤碱含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定青风藤饮片中青藤碱含量。色谱柱为Lichrospher C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-水-乙二胺（40∶60∶0.2）,检测波长为262 nm,流速1.0 mL/min。结果青藤碱进样量在1～10μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 8）,平均回收率为99.56%,RSD为0.81%（n=6）;江苏（三批）、湖南、湖北产青风藤药材的青藤碱含量分别为0.83%,1.11%,1.02%,1.90%,0.58%。结论不同产地青风藤药材的青藤碱含量差异显著。     

A nucleic acid amplification test‐based strategy does not help inform return to work for healthcare workers with COVID‐19

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the utility of a nucleic acid amplification test‐based approach to shorten isolation of healthcare workers (HCWs) with COVID‐19 in the setting of the highly transmissible omicron variant.MethodsBetween December 24, 2021, and January 5, 2022, HCWs who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 were retested with PCR at least 5 days since onset of symptoms.ResultsForty‐six sequential fully COVID‐19 vaccinated HCWs who had tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 underwent follow‐up testing. All the samples were confirmed as omicron variants and only four (8.7%) were negative in the follow‐up test performed at a median of 6 (range 5–12) since onset of symptoms.ConclusionsImplementation of a test‐based strategy is logistically challenging, increases costs, and did not lead to shorter isolation in our institution.     

High-Throughput Screening of FDA-Approved Drug Library Reveals Ixazomib Is a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent against Arboviruses

The emergence of significant arboviruses and their spillover transmission to humans represent a major threat to global public health. No approved drugs are available for the treatment of significant arboviruses in circulation today. The repurposing of clinically approved drugs is one of the most rapid and promising strategies in the identification of effective treatments for diseases caused by arboviruses. Here, we screened small-molecule compounds with anti-tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus and chikungunya virus activity from 2580 FDA-approved drugs. In total, 60 compounds showed antiviral efficacy against all four of the arboviruses in Huh7 cells. Among these compounds, ixazomib and ixazomib citrate (inhibitors of 20S proteasome β5) exerted antiviral effects at a low-micromolar concentration. The time-of-drug-addition assay suggested that ixazomib and ixazomib citrate disturbed multiple processes in viruses’ life cycles. Furthermore, ixazomib and ixazomib citrate potently inhibited chikungunya virus replication and relieved virus-induced footpad swelling in a mouse model. These results offer critical information which supports the role of ixazomib as a broad-spectrum agent against arboviruses.     

Excellent Photonic and Mechanical Properties of Macromorphic Fibers Formed by Eu3+-Complex-Anchored,Unzipped, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

The macromorphic properties of carbon nanotubes perform poorly because of their size limitations: nanosize in diameters and microsize in length. In this work, to realize these dual purposes, we first used an electrochemical method to tear the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to anchor photonic Eu³⁺-complexes there. Through the polar reactive groups endowed by the tearing, the Eu³⁺-complexes coordinate at the defected structures, obtaining the Eu³⁺-complex-anchored, unzipped, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (E-uMWCNTs). The controllable surface-breaking retains the MWCNTs’ original, excellent mechanical properties. Then, to obtain the macromorphic structure with infinitely long fibers, a wet-spinning process was applied via the binding of a small quantity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Thus, the wet-spun fibers with high contents of E-uMWCNTs (E-uMWCNT-Fs) were produced, in which the E-uMWCNTs took 33.3 wt%, a high ratio in E-uMWCNT-Fs. On the other hand, due to the reinforcing effect of E-uMWCNTs, the highest tensile strength can reach 228.2 MPa for E-uMWCNT-Fs. Meanwhile, the E-uMWCNT-Fs show high-efficiency photoluminescence and excellent media resistance performance due to the embedding effect of PVA on the E-uMWCNTs. Therefore, E-uMWCNT-Fs can exhibit excellent luminescence properties in aqueous solutions at pH 4~12 and in some high-concentration metal-ion solutions. Those distinguished performances promise outstanding innovations of this work.     

Impact of Obesogenic Environments on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Preschoolers: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Beijing

The excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been proven to be critical for obesity among preschoolers. This study aimed to describe the SSB consumption rates among preschoolers in the Dongcheng District of Beijing, China, and to explore the association between obesogenic environmental determinants and consumption. We applied a stratified cluster sampling method and recruited 3057 primary caregivers of preschoolers in June 2019 to participate in the survey. The caregivers reported their children’s consumption rates of six categories of SSBs and their exposure rates to SSB-related obesogenic environments. The associations between them were tested using multivariate logistic regression models. The mean (SD) age of the children was 5.6 (0.6) years and nearly half (48.3%) were girls. About 84.5% of the children had consumed SSBs over the past three months, and sugar-sweetened milk beverages had the highest consumption rate. Higher exposure to advertisements for the corresponding SSB categories in children, higher frequency rates of consuming SSBs and of taking children to fast-food restaurants in caregivers, and lower frequency rates of reading the Nutrition Facts Panels by caregivers were associated with higher SSB consumption rates among children (p < 0.05 in all of the SSB categories investigated, except for the Nutrition Facts Panel reading behaviors for the sports and energy beverages). SSB consumption among preschoolers is of concern, and comprehensive policy actions and education are urgently needed.     

C臂X射线机下整复纠正Baumann角与三维移位

目的：研究证明，Baumann角与提携角存在显著负相关，肱骨骨折复位时通过测量Baumann角可以预测提携角，能有效地防止肘内翻。观察C臂X射线机透视下闭合复位过程中测量并纠正Baumann角及三维移位后，经皮克氏针交叉内固定对儿童肱骨髁上骨折的整复效果。 方法：经皮克氏针交叉内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折68例，其中尺偏型49例，桡偏型16例；屈曲型3 例。在C臂X射线机透视下，闭合复位骨折的三维移位，强调完全纠正尺偏移位及内倾，测量并纠正患侧Baumann角，术中、术后应用X射线片测量与健侧Baumann角的差值，结果评估参照Flynn标准。 结果：68例患儿均获随访，平均随访36.1个月。最后1次随访，患侧Baumann角平均73.4°，健侧平均72.4°；提携角患侧平均7.7°，健侧平均9.6°，12 例提携角减少5°~10°，其中5例发生轻度肘内翻。患侧肘关节伸屈功能平均为-6.5° (伸) 136 .5° (屈)。68例患儿骨折全部愈合，无一例发生Volkmann 挛缩。根据 Flynn评估标准，术后3 d内测量68例患儿中0°< 与健侧Baumann 角度差< 2°者46例，优良率为95.24%；2° ≤与健侧Baumann 角度差< 4°者17例，优良率为85.71%；与健侧Baumann 角度差≥ 4°者5例，优良率为20.00%。与健侧Baumann 角度差< 4°者的疗效优良率显著高于与健侧Baumann 角度差≥ 4°者（χ2=22.712 1，7.363 4，P < 0.05）。 结论：在C臂X射线机透视下整复纠正三维移位，强调完全纠正尺偏移位及内倾，Baumann角恢复满意后，采用经皮克氏针固定，固定可靠，能有效避免肘内翻，防止前臂Volkmann挛缩的发生，肘关节功能恢复满意。     

Polysomnographically determined sleep and body mass index in patients with insomnia

We assessed associations between polysomnographically determined sleep, especially the amount of slow-wave sleep (SWS), and body mass index (BMI) in patients with insomnia. One hundred and forty-one insomniacs and 55 healthy volunteers completed overnight polysomnographic recordings, and we measured height and body weight. No significant correlations were obtained between total sleep time and BMI among insomniacs. Compared with normal volunteers, insomnia patients exhibited longer sleep latency and shorter total sleep duration. While the two groups had no significant differences in BMI, insomniacs presented with more N1 but less time spend in SWS and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). Based on their SWS time, we divided insomnia patients into three groups: short (26.99±13.88), intermediate (59.24±8.12), and long (102.21±26.17) SWS groups. The short-SWS group had significantly greater BMI than the long-SWS group. Further analyses with multiple linear regression showed a significant negative correlation between the amount of SWS and BMI scores in insomniacs, whereas no such correlation was found in healthy volunteers after controlling for potential confounds (e.g., age, sex and AHI). Our study suggests that low amounts of SWS may be associated with higher BMI in patients with insomnia.     

那格列奈联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病临床观察

目的探讨那格列奈联合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病的临床治疗价值和用药安全性。方法 2007-01-2011-11我院收治88例2型糖尿病患者,随机分成2组,对照组单纯使用二甲双胍治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用那格列奈,观察2组糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖以及甘油三酯水平的变化情况。结果所有患者糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖较治疗前显著下降（P〈0.05）,同时血脂得到改善（P〈0.05）。结论那格列奈联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病患者具有较好疗效,能明显降低患者血糖水平,同时又改善血脂,建议临床进一步推广。