锗元素与抗肿瘤药物(Ⅱ)(续上期)

综述了有机锗抗肿瘤药物，对β－羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ－１３２）和螺锗在肿瘤学中的作用以及抗癌效应机制作出评价。自８０年代起至今，又有含硫杂、柠檬酸、氨基酸、苯基的锗化合物，以及锗酵母、含锗中草药等被先后合成出来。在几类具有生物活性的有机锗化合物中，仍首推Ｇｅ－１３２，螺锗及其衍生物为低毒有效抗肿瘤候选药物，然而对于锗导致的毒性及其机理仍需进一步加以探讨。     

Is there a genetic susceptibility locus for Parkinson's disease on chromosome 22q13?

The cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase gene, CYP2D6 on chromosome 22q13 (ch22q13), has been inconsistently associated with Parkinson's disease. Associations with CYP2D6 have either been absent altogether or have involved more than one polymorphism, many of which have the same metabolic effect on gene expression. We examined the association between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and Parkinson's disease in a case-control study and included 10 polymorphic dinucleotide repeat markers linked to CYP2D6 to determine whether the association was present or due to linkage disequilibrium. There was no association between any polymorphism of CYP2D6 and Parkinson's disease, but two of 10 dinucleotide repeat markers linked to CYP2D6 were associated with the disease. These results provide evidence to suggest that there may be an unidentified locus for susceptibility to Parkinson's disease that is in linkage disequilibrium with dinucleotide repeat markers mapping near CYP2D6 on ch22q13.     

Effects of specific antibodies on the ultrastructure of mouse oocytes

The effects of antiovarian antiserum and monoclonal antibodies to the oolemma antigens on the ultrastructure of mouse oocytes and their microenvironment are studied. The antioolemma monoclonal antibodies cause more pronounced degenerative changes in the oocyte that in its microenvironment. Antiovarian antiserum induces greater changes in the microenvironment than in the oocyte. Changes induced in the oocyte by the antiserum are secondary relative to changes occurring in the microenvironment, while changes observed in the oocyte treated with monoclonal antibodies are primary. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 1, pp. 115–119, January, 1997     

Microbiologic and clinical value of primary broth cultures of wound specimens collected with swabs.

In order to assess the microbiologic and clinical value of primary broth culture of wound specimens collected with swabs and submitted to the laboratory in transport medium, we compared the results of primary agar culture with the results of a corresponding primary broth culture for 344 aerobic specimens and 176 anaerobic specimens. While 8.7% (45 of 520) of the specimens yielded organisms from the primary broth culture that were not recovered from the corresponding primary agar culture, only 5.0% (26 of 520) of the specimens yielded organisms from the primary broth culture other than Staphylococcus epidermidis, viridans group streptococci, and Corynebacterium spp. Moreover, the primary broth culture of only 0.6% (3 of 520) of the specimens yielded organisms not recovered from the primary agar culture that caused a change in the therapy of the patient. Our conclusion is that primary broth cultures are unnecessary for the processing of wound specimens properly collected with swabs.     

Lines of Murine Oligodendroglial Precursor Cells Immortalized by an Activated neu Tyrosine Kinase Show Distinct Degrees of Interaction with Axons In Vitro and In Vivo

Replication-defective retroviruses expressing the t- neu oncogene, or a hybrid protein with the neu tyrosine kinase linked to the external region of the human epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr-neu ), were used to establish lines of murine oligodendroglial precursor cells. Differentiation of the t- neu lines into myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG)-positive oligodendrocytes was induced by dibutyryl cAMP, and the egfr-neu line showed limited differentiation in vitro upon withdrawal of epidermal growth factor. Cerebellar granule cell neurons expressed mitogens for the cell lines. Upon transplantation into demyelinated lesions, t- neu line cells engaged with the demyelinated axons whereas the egfr-neu line cells differentiated further and ensheathed the axons. These cell lines thus interact with neurons in vitro and in vivo and can be used as tools to define the molecules involved in different stages of neuron-glia interaction.     

近节指骨段屈肌腱鞘不同范围损伤对肌腱功能的影响

目的 探索手指屈肌腱在近节指骨段不同范围损伤时对屈指肌腱功能的影响。方法 采用12只成人尸体手指。实验分为:第一阶段屈指肌腱完整,以后四个阶段依次沿近节指骨掌侧小线闭开小央1/4、1/2、3/4及全长。在掌指关节被动屈80°和掌指关节屈80°同时近侧指关节屈100°时,测量指浅屈肌腱(FDS)和指深屈肌腱(FDP)的滑动距离。根据肌腱力臂和滑动距离的关系,得出屈指肌腱在掌指关节处和近侧指间关节及肌腱在近节指骨段的弓弦畸形程度。结果 腱鞘中央1/4切开时,指屈肌腱的滑动距离、力臂均无显著变化;1/2切开后,单纯屈曲掌指关节时的FDS腱和掌指、近节指间关节屈曲时的FDS、HDP腱的滑动距离和力臂较腱鞘完整时显苫增大(P<0.05);切开3/4长度后,FDS、FDP腱滑动距离均有统计学意义变化,FDS、FDP腱力臂平均增加8～9％;全切开腱鞘,FDS、FDP腱滑动距离变化正统计学上有高度显著性(P<0.01),两腱力臂分别增加16％和15％。随腱鞘切开范围增大,FDS、FDP在近节指骨段的弓弦畸形程度也越来越大。结论 从肌腱的生物力学变化可见,近节指骨段腱鞘的小范围损伤如中间1/4以内损伤时,对肌腱功能影响小,可以不予修复;若损伤超过1/2长度,尤其对腱鞘全长损伤,应予以修复以恢复肌腱功能。     

小儿先天性髋关节脱位近年来应用术式的演变及其评估

本文介绍本院近４年来小儿先天性髋脱位治疗应用术式的演变。由２０多年来一直喜欢用骨盆截骨术演变为近１年来用得最多的是造盖术。近４年共手术４６３例，５６５髋。实践证明：比起骨盆截骨术，造盖术显得更简便，侵袭小，不需二次手术拔除内固定针。因在我国大龄髋脱位偏多，造盖术更适合我国国情。经过一些改进，可以克服造盖折断和吸收问题。     

Observation on 108 Normal Ophthalmic Arteries in 80 Patients by Digital Subtraction Angiography

By digital subtraction angiography(DSA), the authors made observations on 108 normal ophthalmic arteries in 80 patients with regard to the origins, courses, branching, morphology and anastomoses of the vessels. The merits and demerits of DSA in observing the ophthalmic artery were discussed. Eye Science 1994; 10: 157- 162.