Usefulness of sonourethrography for penile abscess as a result of xanthogranulomatous granuloma in the corpus cavernosum of an adult: A case report

A 75‐year‐old man presented with a 4‐month history of a swollen and painful penis. Computed tomography showed a round‐shaped mass measuring 3 × 2 cm in the corpus cavernosum. Percutaneous drainage of the penile mass was carried out and a course of antibiotics was prescribed. Viral, fungal and selective bacterial cultures were negative. Total penectomy and urethroperineal fistula formation were carried out because of penile pain. Histopathological diagnosis was xanthogranulomatous granuloma of the corpus cavernosum. Before surgery, sonourethrography was carried out under general anesthesia. Sonourethrography is an infrequently used modality to observe the male urethra under urinary micturition or injection of saline. We previously reported modified sonourethrography with retrograde jelly injection. In the present case, sonourethrography successfully showed the damaged and deformed urethra including the abscess cavity and fistula. Although xanthogranulomatous granuloma is rare, the findings reported here showed the usefulness of sonourethrography for morphological evaluation of the male urethra.     

Quality of life in active surveillance for early prostate cancer

Recently, the prevalence of the prostate-specific antigen screening test for early-stage prostate cancer has increased, but this has also resulted in an increase in insignificant cancers. The treatment outcome of early-stage prostate cancer is excellent, but such a radical treatment also leaves the patient with undesired adverse consequences. To resolve such problems, attention should be paid to active surveillance as a modern treatment option. This study aimed to systematically review the literature about quality of life in prostate cancer patients undergoing active surveillance. Evidence was acquired from PubMed databases in March 2019 using quality of life, prostate cancer, well-being, anxiety, depression, stress, outcomes, active surveillance, radiation therapy and radical prostatectomy as keywords. Five clinical active surveillance studies measured health-related quality of life and related psychological factors, and seven compared active surveillance with other treatments (radical therapy and hormone therapy). Active surveillance was superior to radical therapy for urinary and sexual function. Furthermore, most patients who opted for active surveillance showed lower anxiety and fear of progression, whereas health-related quality of life was maintained. Although active surveillance has the advantage of being non-invasive, its diagnosis and follow-up protocols are unreliable. Because such uncertainty can affect patients’ quality of life, utilization of imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging, and the development of new biomarkers are required.     

Clinical application of postoperative non-invasive positive pressure ventilation after lung cancer surgery

Objective

The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical efficacy of postoperative non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (PONIV) after pulmonary lobectomy in patients with lung cancer.

Methods

From August 2010 and July 2015, 143 patients with lung cancer who underwent pulmonary lobectomy were retrospectively reviewed. PONIV was used immediately after surgery until the morning of postoperative day (POD) 1. Arterial blood gas was analyzed before and just after surgery (POD0) and on POD1. Oxygenation ability was perioperatively assessed by PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, alveolar–arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO₂), and respiratory index (A-aDO₂/PaO₂).

Results

112 patients received PONIV. From POD0 to POD1, the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio significantly improved in all patients who received PONIV (333?±?83 to 359?±?47 mmHg, p?=?0.004). Moreover, A-aDO₂ and respiratory index significantly decreased following PONIV. PONIV significantly improved the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio in patients with PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio of ≤?300 on POD0, older age (≥?70 years), higher body mass index (≥?25 kg/m²), and longer one-lung ventilation time (≥?180 min). There was no respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and no mortality.

Conclusions

PONIV effectively improved oxygenation in patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy in patients with poor status, especially in patients with PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio of ≤?300 on POD0. PONIV could be an option of perioperative management for major thoracic surgery.

     

TRPV2 Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion in Gastric Cancer via the Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway

Annals of Surgical Oncology - Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is a highly Ca2+-permeable ion channel that is involved in a number of cellular processes. It is expressed in various...