全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4225篇 |
免费 | 225篇 |
国内免费 | 29篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 31篇 |
儿科学 | 85篇 |
妇产科学 | 25篇 |
基础医学 | 551篇 |
口腔科学 | 101篇 |
临床医学 | 261篇 |
内科学 | 1255篇 |
皮肤病学 | 43篇 |
神经病学 | 322篇 |
特种医学 | 196篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 622篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
预防医学 | 78篇 |
眼科学 | 38篇 |
药学 | 311篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 544篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 42篇 |
2022年 | 66篇 |
2021年 | 134篇 |
2020年 | 82篇 |
2019年 | 95篇 |
2018年 | 109篇 |
2017年 | 92篇 |
2016年 | 107篇 |
2015年 | 135篇 |
2014年 | 131篇 |
2013年 | 187篇 |
2012年 | 290篇 |
2011年 | 275篇 |
2010年 | 162篇 |
2009年 | 145篇 |
2008年 | 242篇 |
2007年 | 239篇 |
2006年 | 248篇 |
2005年 | 252篇 |
2004年 | 261篇 |
2003年 | 256篇 |
2002年 | 262篇 |
2001年 | 74篇 |
2000年 | 67篇 |
1999年 | 62篇 |
1998年 | 61篇 |
1997年 | 44篇 |
1996年 | 57篇 |
1995年 | 37篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有4479条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Toshio Kinoshita Hitomi Yuzawa Kazuhiko Natori Ryo Wada Shintaro Yao Kensuke Yano Katsuya Akitsu Hideki Koike Masaya Shinohara Tadashi Fujino Hideaki Shimada Takanori Ikeda 《Journal of cardiology》2021,77(4):388-394
BackgroundDealing with chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) remains a significant problem complicated by the difficulty in early detection of cardiotoxicity. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is expected to be the most realistic methodology due to lower cost-performance and non-invasiveness. We investigated the long-term visual fluctuations in the ECG waveforms in patients with chronic doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity to identify ECG indices for the early detection of cardiotoxicity.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series study by reviewing the medical records of 470 consecutive patients with malignant lymphoma who were treated with DOX at our institute between January 2010 and December 2017. Of them, 23 (4.9%) patients developed left ventricular dysfunction and were diagnosed with CTRCD using echocardiography. We assessed the ECG indices on 12-lead ECG recordings before and after treatment in 15 patients; eight patients were excluded due to conduction disturbances or atrial fibrillation.ResultsCTRCD was detected at a median of 475 (interquartile range, IQR: 341–1333) days after initiating chemotherapy. The evaluation of ECG indices preceding CTRCD development was performed 93 (IQR: 52–232) days before the detection of CTRCD. In the stage of CTRCD, the most significant ECG change was T-wave flattening in leads V3–V6 (12 patients, 80%). Additionally, QTa prolongation was observed in leads I and aVL (n = 10, 66%), leads II, III, and aVF (n = 9, 60%), and leads V3–V6 (n = 10, 73%). These ECG changes were not observed before the treatment but were detected mildly in the pre-CTRCD stage, which subsequently worsened in the CTRCD stage.ConclusionsThis study indicated that T-wave changes and QTa prolongation may be useful as an early indicator before the onset of CTRCD in patients with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. 相似文献
72.
Fukami A Yamagishi S Adachi H Matsui T Yoshikawa K Ogata K Kasahara A Tsukagawa E Yokoi K Imaizumi T 《Clinical cardiology》2011,34(3):189-194
Background
Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) plays a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal injury. Recent clinical studies have suggested that circulating levels of MCP‐1 could be a biomarker of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events in humans. Because chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the risk factors of CVD, it is conceivable that elevated MCP‐1 levels may link the increased risk of CVD in CKD patients. However, as far as we know, in addition to well‐known traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, whether renal dysfunction could be independently associated with the elevation of MCP‐1 levels in a general population remains unknown. Therefore, we examined here which anthropometric and metabolic variables, including renal function, could be independent correlates of circulating levels of MCP‐1 in a general population.Hypothesis
We hypothesized that renal function was one of the independent correlates of serum MCP‐1 levels.Methods
A total of 860 Japanese residents (318 males and 542 females, mean age 65.4 ± 9.8 years) in a small fishing community underwent a complete history and physical examination with determination of blood chemistries, including serum levels of MCP‐1.Results
Mean MCP‐1 levels were 281.4 pg/mL. Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that male sex (P < 0.0001), age (P = 0.03), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P < 0.0001, inversely), and white blood cell count (P = 0.037) were independently associated with MCP‐1 levels.Conclusions
The present study demonstrated for the first time that other than white blood cell count, eGFR was an independent correlate of serum levels of MCP‐1 in a Japanese general population. Elevated MCP‐1 levels may partly explain the increased risk of CVD in CKD patients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose. 相似文献73.
Angiogenesis in the progression of lung cancer 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
74.
Hiroyuki Takamatsu Yoshiyasu Ogawa Noriko Kobayashi Kazue Obata Tadashi Narisawa Kouji Nakayama Saori Munemoto Go Aoki Kinya Ohata Yoshihisa Kumano Jun Ozaki Ryoichi Murata Yukio Kondo Yasushi Terasaki Toshiro Kurokawa Toshihiro Miyamoto Naomi Shimizu Toshihiro Fukushima Akira Yoshida Takanori Ueda Takashi Yoshida Shinji Nakao 《Experimental hematology》2013
75.
Atsushi Miyamoto Atsuko Kurosaki Shuhei Moriguchi Yui Takahashi Kazumasa Ogawa Kyoko Murase Shigeo Hanada Hironori Uruga Hisashi Takaya Nasa Morokawa Takeshi Fujii Junichi Hoshino Kazuma Kishi 《Respiratory investigation》2019,57(2):140-149
Background
This study aimed to determine the radiologic predictors and clarify the clinical features related to survival in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and lung cancer.Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical chart data and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings for 81 consecutive patients with CPFE and 92 primary lung cancers (70 men, 11 women; mean age, 70.9 years). We selected 8 axial HRCT images per patient, and visually determined the normal lung, modified Goddard, and fibrosis scores. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results
The major clinical features were a high smoking index of 54.8 pack-years and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 44). The major lung cancer profile was a peripherally located squamous cell carcinoma (n = 40) or adenocarcinoma (n = 31) adjacent to emphysema in the upper/middle lobe (n = 27) or fibrosis in the lower lobe (n = 26). The median total normal lung, modified Goddard, and fibrosis scores were 10, 8, and 8, respectively. TNM Classification of malignant tumors (TNM) stage I, II, III, and IV was noted in 37, 7, 26, and 22 patients, respectively. Acute exacerbation occurred in 20 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher normal lung score and TNM stage were independent radiologic and clinical predictors of poor survival at the time of diagnosis of lung cancer.Conclusions
A markedly reduced area of normal lung on HRCT was a relevant radiologic predictor of survival. 相似文献76.
Availability of CD10 immunohistochemistry as a marker of breast myoepithelial cells on paraffin sections. 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Suzuko Moritani Ryoji Kushima Hiroyuki Sugihara Masamichi Bamba Tadao K Kobayashi Takanori Hattori 《Modern pathology》2002,15(4):397-405
CD10, also called common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), was recently found to be expressed in nonhematopoietic tissues. Although CD10 was also identified in human breast myoepithelial cells, its availability of immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections has not been examined so far. In the present study, we demonstrated CD10 immunohistochemically on paraffin sections of both normal and pathological breast tissues, comparing its staining patterns to those of smooth muscle actin (SMA), which is now commonly used to highlight myoepithelium. CD10 was consistently positive in normal breast myoepithelial cells. CD10 also clearly highlighted myoepithelial cells in intraductal papilloma, adenosis, ductal hyperplasia, fibroadenoma, and phyllodes tumor as well as SMA did. In atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ, continuous, discontinuous, and totally negative stainings of both CD10 and SMA were noted, depending on foci of neoplastic cell nests. However, both stainings clearly demonstrated myoepithelial cells of cancerized acini, being useful in differentiating lobular cancerization from microinvasion. Because SMA was also positive in normal vessels and spindle-shaped stromal cells, CD10, which was negative in vessels, was useful in differentiating myoepithelial cells from thin vascular wall in intracystic lesions with delicate papillae. Although background staining of spindle-shaped stromal cells was also noted in CD10, the positive cell number was less, and the signal was weaker than that of SMA. The absence of myoepithelial cells in invasive ductal carcinomas was more clearly highlighted by CD10 than SMA. We concluded that CD10 could be another useful marker of breast myoepithelial cells on paraffin sections. Combination of CD10 and SMA will provide more sophisticated information about presence or absence of myoepithelial cells in confusing breast lesions. 相似文献
77.
An invasion-independent pathway of blood-borne metastasis: a new murine mammary tumor model 下载免费PDF全文
Sugino T Kusakabe T Hoshi N Yamaguchi T Kawaguchi T Goodison S Sekimata M Homma Y Suzuki T 《The American journal of pathology》2002,160(6):1973-1980
It is generally believed that active invasion by cancer cells is essential to the metastatic process. In this report, we describe a murine mammary tumor (MCH66) model of metastasis that does not require invasion into the vascular wall of both the primary tumor and the target organ, in this case, the lung. The process involves intravasation of tumor nests surrounded by sinusoidal blood vessels, followed by intravascular tumor growth in the lung, without penetration of the vascular wall during the process. Comparative studies using a nonmetastatic MCH66 clone (MCH66C8) and another highly invasive metastatic cell line (MCH416) suggested that high angiogenic activity and sinusoidal remodeling of tumor blood vessels were prerequisites for MCH66 metastasis. Differential cDNA analysis identified several genes that were overexpressed by MCH66, including genes for the angiogenesis factor pleiotrophin, and extracellular matrix-associated molecules that may modulate the microenvironment toward neovascularization. Our analyses suggest that tumor angiogenesis plays a role in the induction of invasion-independent metastasis. This model should prove useful in screening and development of new therapeutic agents for cancer metastasis. 相似文献
78.
CD28-deficient T cells arrest at the G1-S transition of the cell cycle. Here we show that this is controlled by the kinase aurora B, which exists in a complex with survivin and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Expression of aurora B in Cd28-/- T cells augmented phosphorylation of mTOR substrates, expression of cyclin A, hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and activation of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2 and promoted cell cycle progression. Interleukin 2 enhanced aurora B activity, and inactive aurora B prevented interleukin 2-induced proliferation. Moreover, expression of aurora B restored Cd28-/- T cell proliferation and promoted inflammation in vivo. These data identify aurora B, along with survivin and mTOR, as a regulator of the G1-S checkpoint in T cells. 相似文献
79.
80.
Ariizumi T Ogose A Kawashima H Hotta T Li G Xu Y Hirose T Endo N 《Pathology international》2011,61(8):461-468
We established a dedifferentiated liposarcoma cell line (NDDLS-1) that produces interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The parental tumor showed high leukemoid reactions. The NDDLS-1 cell line was established from a pleural effusion associated with a lung metastasis. Pleomorphic tumor cells arranged in a haphazard growth pattern were seen in xenograft tumors. Numerous inflammatory cells including neutrophils or eosinophils were present throughout the tumor cells. This finding resembled the dedifferentiated area of the parental tumor. The mice bearing NDDLS-1 showed marked leukocytosis. In addition, the NDDLS-1 cells expressed IL-6 and G-CSF at both the mRNA and protein levels, while the NDDLS-1 cells produced near normal levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In the cytogenetic analysis, both the parental tumor and the NDDLS-1 cells showed a ring or giant marker chromosomes. The NDDLS-1 cell line demonstrated the amplification and expression of both MDM2 and CDK4 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis. The NDDLS-1 cell line is consistent with the parental dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and it should therefore be useful for further investigations of human dedifferentiated liposarcomas. 相似文献