The role of nicotinic receptors in the amelioration of cholinesterase inhibitors in scopolamine-induced memory deficits

Rationale  

Nicotine receptors in the brain are closely related with memory amelioration induced by cholinesterase inhibitors.     

Diheteropeptin, a new substance with TGF-beta-like activity, produced by a fungus, Diheterospora chlamydosporia. I. Production, isolation and biological activities

A new metabolite, diheteropeptin, was found in the culture broth of Diheterospora chlamydosporia Q58044 by screening for TGF-beta-like active substances. Diheteropeptin was extracted from the culture supernatant and purified by a series of chromatographies such as silica gel, gel filtration and HPLC. Diheteropeptin exhibited cytostatic activity in Mv1Lu cells with an IC50 value of 20.3 microM and inhibited histone deacetylase.     

Formation of gamma-glutamylpropargylglycylglycine from propargylglycine in human blood and erythrocytes

Gamma-Glutamylpropargylglycylglycine (gamma-Glu-PPG-Gly) was isolated as a metabolite of propargylglycine (2-amino-4-pentynoic acid, a natural and synthetic inhibitor of cystathionine gamma-lyase) from human blood incubated with D,L-propargylglycine in the presence of L-glutamate and glycine, and identified by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, indicating that human blood can metabolize propargylglycine to gamma-Glu-PPG-Gly. When whole blood was incubated with 2 mM D,L-propargylglycine in the presence of 10 mM L-glutamate and 10 mM glycine at 37 degrees C for 16h, 0.094+/-0.013 micromol of gamma-Glu-PPG-Gly was formed per ml of whole blood. When erythrocytes were incubated under the same conditions for 16h, 0.323+/-0.060 micromol of gamma-Glu-PPG-Gly was formed per ml of erythrocytes, suggesting a large contribution of erythrocytes to gamma-Glu-PPG-Gly formation in whole blood. The apparent Km value of gamma-Glu-PPG-Gly formation in human erythrocytes for D,L-propargylglycine was 0.32 mM. The observed rate of gamma-Glu-PPG-Gly formation and the Km value for D,L-propargylglycine suggest that metabolism of propargylglycine to gamma-Glu-PPG-Gly can play a definite biological role in human subjects who are loaded with propargylglycine.     

Lethal thrombus in the carotid artery during operation for acute aortic dissection with cerebral malperfusion

A drowsy patient with acute type A aortic dissection and cerebral malperfusion required emergency operation. Because the right carotid artery was totally obstructed, cerebral perfusion was first restored by cannulating it and the left femoral artery before midline sternotomy. However, a long fresh thrombus was found flowing backward from the obstructed carotid artery. This thrombus was removed, and both arteries were connected through a Y-shaped extracorporeal circulation circuit to reperfuse the brain. During the subsequent aortic procedure, both arteries were used for arterial inflow. Such thrombi can cause grave postoperative neurologic dysfunction. Carotid artery cannulation is mandatory in such cases.     

A cost comparison of two malaria control methods in Kyunggi Province,Republic of Korea,using remote sensing and geographic information systems

A cost-comparison of two methods for the control of malaria in the Republic of Korea was performed. The cost of larviciding with methoprene granules was estimated at $93.48/hectare. The annual cost of providing chemoprophylaxis was estimated at $37.53/person. Remote sensing and geographic information systems were used to obtain estimates of the size of vector larval habitats around two U.S. Army camps, allowing an estimate of the cost of larviciding around each of the camps. This estimate was compared to the cost of providing chloroquine and primaquine chemoprophylaxis for the camp populations. Costs on each of the camps differed by the size of the larval habitats and the size of the at-risk population. These tools allow extrapolation of larval surveillance data to a regional scale while simultaneously providing site-specific cost analysis, thus reducing the cost and labor associated with vector surveillance over large areas.     

Breast reconstruction with perforator-based inframammary de-epithelized flap: a case report

Patients with silicon gel-injected breasts sometimes appear even now, demanding removal of this foreign body. These requests are often challenging for us—the removal leaves distortion of the breast contour. Musclocutaneous flap transfer is a good method for reconstruction, but scar formation for flap harvest is a problem. Most patients are reluctant to accept these scars. Reconstruction with prostheses has been another method. But the absence of subcutaneous tissue and degenerated muscle make implantation difficult. For one of these patients, the authors applied a method for breast reconstruction with perforator-based inframammary flap. After the removal of the siliconoma with surrounding degenerated tissues, a crescent-shaped skin flap was designed on the inframammary area. Preserving perforators into the flap, it was elevated with adipose tissue. After the skin was de-epthelized, the adipose tissue and skin flap were turned over to make the breast protrusion. The donor site is closed primarily. Ten months after the operation, there was little atrophy of the reconstructed breast, and the patient is satisfied with the result, especially with the softness of the reconstructed breast. Although this method has limitation for volume, less morbidity for donor site and volume reduction in inframammary area are advantageous. In conclusion, this inframammary flap seems to be a good tool for breast surgery.