An autoradiographic method of mapping the distribution and density of monoamine neurons in mouse brain.

A combined in vitro uptake and autoradiographic procedure as an important complement to the histochemical fluorescence method is described. Slabs of fresh mouse brain were incubated with 14C-NE, 14C-DA or 14C-5-HT, freeze-dried, and placed against X-ray film for autoradiography, Catecholamine nerve terminals were labeled by in vitro incubation with 14C-NE or 14C-DA. Dopaminergic terminals were labeled by 14C-NE incubation preceded by desipramine (to block uptake into NE terminals). With 14C-5-HT incubation, the uptake pattern indicated the possibility that 5-HT nerve terminals were being labeled. Advantages of this method are that it allows the visualization of overall density and distribution of selected monoamine nerve terminals or uptake sites of other putative neurotransmitters in whole coronal or sagittal sections, so that data are obtained from many areas of brain or spinal cord rather than in only those areas preselected for microscopic viewing.     

Breast reconstruction using a deepithelialized rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap

There are many methods for breast reconstruction. Using implants can achieve good results without conspicuous scarring, but this method has disadvantages, such as infection, exposure, and capsular contracture. The rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (RAM) flap has become a standard technique because of its safety and abundant volume, but its main problem is the lack of a color and texture match between the skin paddle and the skin around the flap. To overcome such shortcomings, the authors perform breast reconstruction using tissue expansion and a RAM flap. First a tissue expander is inserted superficially to the pectoralis major muscle at the time of or after mastectomy, and is expanded to a size larger than the contralateral breast. The expander is replaced with the deepithelialized RAM flap. Scar revision is performed if the expander is inflated satisfactorily. The authors used this technique in 11 patients and obtained good results without severe complications.     

In vitro evaluation of the heparin-coated Gyro C1E3 blood pump

The blood-contacting surface, mainly composed of polycarbonate, of the Gyro C1E3 pump was modified using plasma glow discharge to introduce a carboxyl functional group, coated with a base layer of polyethyleneimine as a linker, and coupled with heparin by multi-ionic binding to enhance blood compatibility. A relative surface content of 3.7% sulfur, which demonstrated heparin immobilization on the polycarbonate substrate, was observed on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a initial bioactivity of approximately 88.5 +/- 7.3 mIU/cm2 was obtained by the chromogenic method for antifactor Xa assay. Furthermore, in vitro observation of platelet and fibrin adherence using bovine blood under dynamic flow conditions for 6 h revealed that the multi-ionically heparinized Gyro C1E3 had significantly stronger antithrombogenecity than the noncoated original type which was evaluated as a good hemocompatible blood pump for clinical use. Not only the Gyro C1E3 but also the ionically heparin-coated Gyro pump are expected to be thromboresistant in clinical use.