Duodenogastroesophageal reflux disease as a complication of superinvasion opisthorchiasis

In patients with superinvasion opisthorchiasis of prolonged invasion, 84% develop duodenal hypertension, 94% of the patients are found to have gastric hypertension; duodenogastric reflux with formation of chronic gastritis and reorganization is revealed in 75%. Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus gives rise to chronic eosophagitis, regurgitation of intestinal contents into the pancreatic duct is a cause of chronic indurative pancreatitis of the head of the gland. In cases of duodenal hypertension, the rates of pancreatic O. felineus invasion are as high as 93.7%.     

Standardization of coagulologic technique for antithrombin III estimation and its clinical application

A standard assay procedure for estimating antithrombin III activity was derived from the Abildgaard technique as follows: 1) to decrease errors at the preanalytical stage, by using preliminarily defibrinated lyophilized plasma-calibrator and 2) to increase measurement accuracy, by using the concentration of a fibrinogen preparation and simplifying the analytical procedure. The estimation of plasma antithrombin activity in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism or sepsis points to the changes in antithrombin III activity.     

Basal ganglia: Structure and function

Conclusions Noting considerable successes in the development of studies on the structure and functions of the basal ganglia (as discussed at the most recent Congress), we naturally cannot see a number of major shortcomings of this process. In particular, there is concern regarding the methodological level of investigations. These are not always of world standard. Biochemical, cytoimmunological, and genetic methods are not frequently used in Russian reports. Most information on these points is obtained from foreign authors. The disadvantages of the papers presented to the Congress include the low level of complexity of the physiological studies of the basal ganglia, and this comment is even more applicable to pathology investigations. I believe that the absence of a single, centrally-directed program is a disadvantage in the organization of studies of the basal ganglia; such a program would unite and coordinate investigations in this field beyond the remits of the participating institutions in which the studies are carried out. Finally, there remains the unsolved problem of financing scientific endeavors and paying for the labor of our scientists. I would suggest that solution of these problems would create the conditions needed for progress in the development of such important areas of biology and medicine as that of studying the structure and function of the basal ganglia in humans and animals. Laboratory for the Physiology of Higher Nervous Activity, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenov, Vol. 83, No. 1–2, pp. 4–10, January–February, 1997.     

Functional details of the basal ganglia as related to the spatial organization of their fibers in cortex and thalamus

This study compared the results of experimental-morphological and physiological studies in which facts were obtained regarding the functional and morphological heterogeneity of the basal ganglia. Experiments were done on dogs in order to study delayed responses and Hunterian delayed choice responses. Electrical and chemical stimulation of striopallidal structures and recording of spike activity in neurons were done in cats during the formation of conditioned reflexes. Morphological studies were done on cats and dogs by the technique of axon-terminal degeneration. On the basis of an analysis of our own data and data in the literature we have advanced the hypothesis that: 1)There is a correlation between the general features of the disturbance in higher nervous activity and the overlap of striopallidal projections onto cortical and thalamic structures; 2) in a series of cases the behavioral disturbance after shut-off or stimulation of the basal ganglia can be correlated with the topical details of their projection onto cortical fields and thalamic nuclei.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR im. I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 527–534, April, 1979.     

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胆道系统恶性肿瘤包括胆管癌和胆囊癌 ,前者主要指原发于肝内、肝门部和远端肝外胆管的恶性肿瘤。至今胆系肿瘤仍依ＴＮＭ分类法分为 0～Ⅳ期。 0期 :为原位癌 ;Ⅰ期 :肿瘤局限于粘膜层、肌层 ;Ⅱ期 :出现局部浸润 ;Ⅲ期 :在Ⅰ或Ⅱ期基础上肿瘤累及邻近组织或肝十二指肠韧带上淋巴结 ;Ⅳ期 :出现肝脏等器官受累或远处转移或出现以下之一区域的淋巴结转移 ,如胰周、十二指肠周、肝门周、腹腔及肠系膜。1　诊断胆系恶性肿瘤的诊断 ,主要依靠临床表现、实验室检查以及影象学检查。临床表现特异性不强 ,其中最基本的表现为胆道梗阻症状 ,同时可…     

Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 reproduction by probiotic bacteria in vitro

Light and immunofluorescence microscopies were used to study the cytopathic effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) grown on the Vero cell cultures in the absence or presence of supernatants of Enterococcus faecium L3, Lactobacillus plantarum 8A-P3, and Escherichia coil M17. The effect of the probiotic strains was evaluated estimating the proportion of changed cells and the infective dose of the virus. The supernatants of the cultures of Lactobacillus sp. and Enterococcus sp., unlike those of E. coil, have antiviral activity. Inhibited viral replication was more evident when the supernatants were added until the cultured HSV-1 cells were infective. An enterococcal supernatant and its obtained peptide extract showed the maximum antiviral activity. This strain may be associated with the production of bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like substances.