芫花叶中的新木脂素内酯

前文已从芫花Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc.的干燥叶中分离鉴定了七个黄酮类化合物,本文报道晶ⅩⅤ的化学结构。晶ⅩⅤ,mp118～119.5℃,峰匹配法测定其分子式为C_(20)H_(16)O_7(M~ ,368.08631),[α]_D-64.8°。红外光谱中1760cm~(-1)吸收峰和核磁共振碳谱中δ176.6共振信号揭示晶ⅩⅤ     

硫酸二甲酯中毒4例的抢救护理

0引言硫酸二甲酯(dimethyl sulfate, DMS)属高毒类,作用与芥子气相似.性质为无色油状液体,略有葱头样气味,毒性极强,成人口服致死量为1～5 g.主要通过呼吸道和皮肤进入体内.     

载瘤动脉痉挛状态下栓塞脑动脉瘤18例

1 临床资料唐都医院神经外科在2004-02/2004-05间用电解弹簧圈栓塞治疗了颅内动脉瘤患者共46例,其中存在载瘤动脉痉挛18 (男 6,女12)例,年龄17～65岁,平均42岁,均以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血为首发症状,临床表现为头痛、呕吐、颈强.伴有意识障碍者8例;肢体功能障碍者3例;1例后交通动脉瘤伴有动眼神经麻痹.术前Hess-Hunt分级Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级1例. 全部病例均DSA造影检查确诊存在颅内动脉瘤及载瘤动脉痉挛.其中前交通动脉瘤11例,后交通动脉瘤4例,大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤2例,眼动脉瘤1例.全部病例均用电解弹簧圈栓塞.术后常规腰穿放出血性脑脊液,应用钙拮抗剂,静脉应用罂粟碱2 wk,同时高脑灌注压,高血容量,低血黏度等综合治疗.     

Distribution of High Risk Human Papillomavirus Types in Western Kazakhstan - Retrospective Analysis of PCR Data

Background: Virtually all cases of cervical cancer are caused by persistent infections with a restricted set of human papillomaviruses (HPV). Cancer of the cervix is the third or even the second most common cancer in women worldwide, more than 85% of the cases occurring in developing countries, such as China and India, including the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose was to determine the HPV type distribution to evaluate efficacy of vaccination and adjust cancer prevention strategy in Western Kazakhstan in the future. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data obtained from PCR laboratories in 4 regional centers for the time period covering 12 months, 2013-2014, using AmpliSens Real-Time PCR kits for HPV testing of 12 genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59). Results: A total of 1,661 persons were HPV tested within 2013-14, but a proprotion examined for 16 and 18 genotypes only (563) was not been included for statistic analysis of distribution and ratio of the most common genotypes. Males accounted for only a small number (N=90 in total). Conclusions: Total number of the HPV-positive appeared to be 26.0%, or 286 of N=1098. Types distribution was as follows: type 16 (10.7%), 39 (5.83%), 51 (5.27%), 31 (4.85%), 56 (4.58%), 18 (3.61%), 59 (2.64%), 58 (2.22%), 35 (1.94%), 33 (1.25%). Overall the HPV infection was highest in 16-29 years old (62.4%) and decreased with age. Total prevalence of the HR-HPVs amongst male population was 21.4% with top five types 16, 18, 39, 51, 31. Trends forcorrelations between Aktau site and type 33 (Cramer's V 0.2029), between Caucasian ethnicity and type 33 (Cramer's V .1716), and between European ethnicities in Uralsk and type 45 (Cramer's V .1752) were found. Of N 563 tested separately for 16 or 18 types, 13.6% were positive. As a whole, the distribution of 16/18 types had a ratio of 3.53:1. Given the vaccine-targeted type 16 is widely spread amongst this regional population, HPV immunization program of adolescent girls 10-13 years should be implemented appropriately.     

川芎根茎挥发油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱和色谱—质谱—计算机联用系统对川芎根茎挥发油的化学成分进行了研究。从50m×0.25mm键合甲基硅氧烷弹性石英毛细管色谱柱中分离出180个峰,用保留指数测定,标准品叠加和质谱测定三种方法初步鉴定出40个成分。其主要成分是藁本内酯(58.00%)、3-丁叉苯酞(5.29%)和香桧烯(6.08%)等。     

OLTIPRAZ对小鼠日本血吸虫病的初步治疗

由于吡喹酮的问世,使血防形势起了根本性变化。吡喹酮既可治疗不同种的血吸虫病,又可治疗其它蠕虫病,在大规模使用若干年后是否会像海蒽酮及羟氨喹那样对血吸虫产生抗性或耐药性的问题尚需时间考验。因而,继续寻找别的抗血吸虫药还是有意义的。     

Parametric features of inhibition of feeding in Aplysia by associative learning, satiation, and sustained lip stimulation

In order to determine whether different classes of behavioral plasticity affect common or unique neural loci, the effects of three types of processes that inhibit feeding in Aplysia were quantified. Changes in feeding behavior due to an associative learning task in which animals learn that food is inedible were compared with behavioral effects caused by satiation and by sustained lip stimulation. The data indicate that each process modifying feeding can be characterized by differences in time to stop responding to food, by differences in specificity of the decrement to a particular food, and by different patterns of motor output before complete cessation of responsiveness. The data suggest each process inhibiting feeding acts at a different neural site. Learning that food is inedible may be due to facilitation of a specific sensory pathway onto pattern generators producing rejection responses. Sustained lip stimulation seems to inhibit feeding by causing a decrement in all outputs of a particular sensory pathway. Finally, satiation appears to represent inhibition of feeding motor elements.     

噻吗洛尔的透皮特性及影响其透皮吸收的因素

采用V-C水平扩散池对噻吗洛尔穿透完整无毛小鼠和人皮肤以及去角质层无毛小鼠和人皮肤的透过特性进行了摸索。对影响噻吗洛尔透皮吸收的因素如水合、介质pH以及各种透皮促进剂对其穿透率的影响进行了系统的研究。本文应用YWC-C_(18)健合固定相,以水-乙腈-三乙胺(87:13:1)为流动相系统,对噻吗洛尔进行了体外反相高效液相色谱法检测。实验结果表明噻吗洛尔透皮吸收的可行性,其透皮穿透率随着水合时间的适当延长、介质pH值的增大以及各类透皮促进剂的使用有显著性的增加。其中10％和1％azone合用体现了较好的协同作用。本结果为噻吗洛尔TTS的进一步研制提供了实验基础。