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Context
Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are common among children receiving palliative care, who may nevertheless benefit from surgery and other procedures. Although anesthesia, surgery, and pediatric guidelines recommend systematic reconsideration of DNR orders in the perioperative period, data regarding how clinicians evaluate and manage DNR orders in the perioperative period are limited.Objectives
To evaluate perioperative management of DNR orders at a tertiary care children's hospital.Methods
We reviewed electronic medical records for all children with DNR orders in place within 30 days of surgery at a tertiary care pediatric hospital from February 1, 2016, to August 1, 2017. Using standardized case report forms, we abstracted the following from physician notes: 1) patient/family wishes with respect to the DNR, 2) whether preoperative DNR orders were continued, modified, or suspended during the perioperative period, and 3) whether life-threatening events occurred in the perioperative period. Based on data from these reports, we created a process flow diagram regarding DNR order decision-making in the perioperative period.Results
Twenty-three patients aged six days to 17 years had a DNR order in place within 30 days of 29 procedures. No documented systematic reconsideration took place for 41% of procedures. DNR orders were modified for two (7%) procedures and suspended for 15 (51%). Three children (13%) suffered life-threatening events. We identified four time points in the perioperative period where systematic reconsideration should be documented in the medical record, and identified recommended personnel involved and important discussion points at each time point.Conclusion
Opportunities exist to improve how DNR orders are managed during the perioperative period. 相似文献The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of added DWI sequences as an adjunct to traditional MR imaging in the evaluation of abnormal placentation in patients with suspicion for placenta accreta spectrum abnormality or morbidly adherent placenta (MAP).
Materials and methodsThe study was approved by local ethics committee. The subjects included pregnant women with prenatal MRI performed between July 2013 to July 2015. All imaging was performed on a Philips 1.5T MR scanner using pelvic phased-array coil. Only T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) series were compiled for review. Two randomized imaging sets were created: set 1 included T2-weighted series only (T2W); set 2 included T2W with DWI series together (T2W + DWI). Three radiologists, blinded to history and pathology, reviewed the imaging, with 2 weeks of time between the two image sets. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for MAP were calculated and compared between T2W only and T2W + DWI reads. Associations between imaging findings and invasion on pathology were tested using the Chi-squared test. Confidence scores, inter-reader agreement, and systematic differences were documented.
ResultsA total of 17 pregnant women were included in the study. 8 cases were pathologically diagnosed with MAP. There were no significant differences in the diagnostic accuracy between T2W and T2W + DWI in the diagnosis of MAP in terms of overall accuracy (62.7% for T2W vs. 68.6% for T2W + DWI, p = 0.68), sensitivity (70.8% for T2W vs. 95.8% for T2W + DWI, p = 0.12), and specificity (55.6% for T2W vs. 44.4% for T2W + DWI, p = 0.49). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic confidence between the review of T2W images alone and the T2W + DWI review (mean 7.3 ± 1.8 for T2W vs. 7.5 ± 1.8 for T2W + DWI, p = 0.37).
ConclusionWith the current imaging technique, addition of DWI sequence to the traditional T2W images cannot be shown to significantly increase the accuracy or reader confidence for diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum abnormality. However, DWI does improve identification of abnormalities in the placental–myometrial interface.
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