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Michael D. Cabana David Bruckman Susan L. Bratton Alex R. Kemper Noreen M. Clark 《The Journal of asthma》2003,40(7):741-749
Background. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines recommend that patients receive a follow-up outpatient asthma visit after being discharged from an emergency department (ED) for asthma. Objective. To measure the frequency of follow-up outpatient asthma visits and its association with repeat ED asthma visit. Design. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with asthma using claims data from a university-based managed care organization from 01 1998 to 10 2000. We performed a multivariate survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards model to determine the effect of follow-up outpatient asthma visits on the likelihood of a repeat ED asthma visit, after controlling for severity of illness, patient age, gender, insurance, and the specialty of the primary care provider. Results: A total of 561 children had 780 ED asthma visits. Of these, 103 (17%) had a repeat ED asthma visit within 1 year. Almost two-thirds of children (66%) did not receive outpatient follow-up for asthma within 30 days of an ED asthma visit. Outpatient asthma visits within 30 days of an ED asthma visit are associated with an increased likelihood (relative risk = 1.80; 95% confidence interval 1.19, 2.72) for repeat ED asthma visits within 1 year. Conclusions. Most patients do not have outpatient follow-up after an ED asthma visit. However, those patients that present for outpatient follow-up have an increased likelihood for repeat ED asthma visits. For the primary care provider, these outpatient follow-up visits signal an increased risk that a patient will return to the ED for asthma and are a key opportunity to prevent future ED asthma visits. 相似文献
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Background: Although managed care organizations (MCOs) may be optimal settings for implementing tobacco use cessation clinical guidelines,
such guidelines remain poorly implemented in many MCO settings.Purpose: We examined issues related to the implementation of guidelines in MCOs, to provide examples of studies that have addressed
issues related to guideline implementation and to suggest ways behavioral medicine researchers can play a role in examining
issues of how guidelines can be better implemented.Methods: Surveys of clinical guideline implementation, studies from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation addressing tobacco use cessation
in a managed care database, selected to illustrate issues related to system-wide implementation.Results: Surveys show that effective tobacco use cessation interventions remain underutilized in MCOs. A few studies have evaluated
and shown the benefit of insurance coverage for tobacco use and dependence treatments, clinician reimbursement and leadership
incentives, practice feedback, and leveraging administrative data to create tobacco use tracking systems. The studies also
point to the need for large-scale, multidisciplinary, methodologically rigorous studies that allow one to isolate the effects
of promising strategies as well as to explore synergistic effects as different system changes are combined.Conclusions: Tobacco use cessation guidelines need to be better implemented in MCOs. Behavioral medicine research needs to move beyond
treatment efficacy and effectiveness studies to focus on rigorous evaluations of these and other strategies to enhance guideline
implementation and dissemination.
This research was supported by grants from the Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (Taylor) and from the Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation (Taylor and Curry). 相似文献
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Giedd Jay N.; Snell John W.; Lange Nicholas; Rajapakse Jagath C.; Casey B. J.; Kozuch Patricia L.; Vaituzis A. Catherine; Vauss Yolanda C.; Hamburger Susan D.; Kaysen Debra; Rapoport Judith L. 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1996,6(4):551-559
Brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 104 healthy childrenand adolescents, aged 418, showed significant effectsof age and gender on brain morphometry. Males had larger cerebral(9%) and cerebellar (8%) volumes (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.008.respectively), which remained significant even after correctionfor height and weight After adjusting for cerebral size, theputamen and globus pallidus remained larger in males, whilerelative caudate size was larger in females. Neither cerebralnor cerebellar volume changed significantly across this agerange. Lateral ventricular volume increased significantly inmales (trend for females), with males showing an increase inslope after age 11. In males only, caudate and putamen decreasedwith age (P = 0.007 and 0.05, respectively). The left lateralventricles and putamen were significantly greater than the rightP = 0.01 and 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, the cerebralhemispheres and caudate showed a highly consistent right greater-than-leftasymmetry (P < 0.0001 for both). All volumes demonstrateda high degree of variability. These findings highlight gender-specificmaturational changes of the developing brain and the need forlarge gender-matched samples in pediatric neuropsychiatric studies. 相似文献