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41.
Cornelia FA van Wesenbeeck Michiel A Keyzer Maarten Nubé 《International journal of health geographics》2009,8(1):1-18
Background
Agricultural science can address a population's vitamin, amino acid and mineral malnutrition through biofortification - agronomy, plant breeding and biotechnology to develop crops with high nutrient contents. Biofortified crop varieties should be grown in areas with populations at risk of nutrient deficiency and in areas where the same crop is already grown and consumed. Information on the population at risk of nutrient deficiency is rarely available for sub-national administrative units, such as provinces, districts, and municipalities. Nor is this type of information commonly analyzed with data on agricultural production. This project developed a method to identify populations at risk of nutrient deficiency in zones with high crop production, places where biofortification interventions could be targeted.Results
Nutrient deficiency risk data were combined with crop production and socioeconomic data to assess the suitability of establishing an intervention. Our analysis developed maps of candidate sites for biofortification interventions for nine countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Results for Colombia, Nicaragua, and Bolivia are presented in this paper. Interventions in northern Colombia appear promising for all crops, while sites for bean biofortification are widely scattered throughout the country. The most promising sites in Nicaragua are found in the center-north region. Candidate sites for biofortification in Bolivia are found in the central part of the country, in the Andes Mountains. The availability and resolution of data limits the analysis. Some areas show opportunities for biofortification of several crops, taking advantage of their spatial coincidence. Results from this analysis should be confirmed by experts or through field visits.Conclusion
This study demonstrates a method for identifying candidate sites for biofortification interventions. The method evaluates populations at risk of nutrient deficiencies for sub-national administrative regions, and provides a reasonable alternative to more costly, information-intensive approaches. 相似文献42.
我省长学制医学教育的回顾与思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我省七年制医学教育开办了近20年,为社会培养了一批深受欢迎、质量较好和具有较高综合素质的高层次医学人才。建立与我省经济发展水平相适应的以五年制为主体、重点发展八年制的医学教育学制体系,是我省高等医学教育发展的必然趋势。 相似文献
43.
Single-locus DNA probes for tandem repeat sequences are now used in conjunction with particular endonucleases to characterize heritable restriction fragment lengths in parentage tests. Southern blots of this type, however, demonstrate only two attributes of an allele: its length and the presence of nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the probe. Not all restriction fragments of the same apparent length that react with the same probe are identical. Differences between comigrating fragments can be detected by the selection of a restriction enzyme that recognizes sites in a subset of the repeat sequences, and the information content of these loci is therefore increased. This report describes a paternity case in which two brothers appeared, after DNA phenotyping using Hinf I, to be the father. A second phenotyping using Hae III excluded one of the brothers. 相似文献
44.
125I粒子对Hela细胞杀伤作用的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的观察体外Hela细胞在^125I粒子照射下细胞凋亡和增殖的规律,探讨^125I粒子对肿瘤的杀伤作用。方法用^125I粒子照射Hela细胞,用不同的方法观察不同剂量和时间点细胞的增殖反应及形态变化。结果受照射细胞发生凋亡,于Ⅱb期出现凋亡小体;细胞凋亡率随累积剂量的增加而增加,于5Gy时出现凋亡率峰值;细胞克隆形成率显著下降,与凋亡形成呈反向关系。并有反剂量率效应。结论^125I粒子对肿瘤的治疗作用可能为早期抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,晚期使肿瘤细胞大量凋亡。 相似文献
45.
Trabecular bone architecture in female renal allograft recipients-- assessed by computed tomography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Grotz WH; Mundinger FA; Muller CB; Rasenack J; Schulte-Monting J; Langer MF; Schollmeyer PJ 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(3):564-569
BACKGROUND: Osteopenia with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is a
frequent finding in renal allograft recipients. Data concerning the bone
architecture in these patients do not exist, however. METHODS: We compared
the bone architecture of 33 randomly assigned women (age 49 +/- 12 years),
who had received renal allografts 5.6 +/- 5.3 years before the
investigation, with 74 women (age 50 +/- 14 years) who were admitted for
osteodensitometry. All patients underwent single-energy computed tomography
(SEQCT) and a midvertebral high-resolution tomography with
computer-assisted analysis of the trabecular vertebral body architecture.
RESULTS: Progressive alteration of bone architecture was associated with
increasing vertebral height loss of the vertebral body. Height reduction of
a vertebral body of more than 15% was associated with a significantly lower
BMD (-2.3 +/- 0.8 versus -1.1 +/- 1.1 standard deviations below normal
BMD), a lower trabecular bone area (13 +/- 8% versus 42 +/- 22%) and a
lower trabecular diameter (1.4 +/- 0.5 mm versus 2.2 +/- 0.8 mm) compared
to recipients without height reduction. In comparison to a matched group of
patients with similarly reduced BMD (1.1 +/- 1.2 versus 1.2 +/- 1.1 SD
below normal BMD), renal allograft recipients showed a lower number of
trabecular plates (5.6 +/- 3.1 versus 7.0 +/- 3.7) and a smaller
intertrabecular surface (54 +/- 116 mm versus 75 +/- 138 mm). CONCLUSIONS:
Alterations of bone architecture in renal allograft recipients were
associated with progressive vertebral height loss. Despite similar bone
mineral density, differences of bone architecture could be observed between
renal allograft recipients and patients with osteoporosis.
相似文献
46.
目的 探究食管支架置入术(ESP)和内镜下切开术(EIM)在难治性食管癌术后吻合口狭窄治疗中的应用效果.方法 将70例难治性食管癌术后吻合口狭窄患者按照手术方式不同分为ESP组(n=41)与EIM组(n=29).对比两组患者临床疗效、吞咽困难评分及并发症发生情况.结果 两组患者总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术前,两组患者Stooler评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1个月,两组患者Stooler评分均较术前降低(P<0.05),且EIM组患者Stooler评分明显低于ESP组(P<0.01).ESP组患者术后并发症总发生率高于EIM组(P<0.05).结论 EIM和ESP治疗难治性食管癌吻合口狭窄的临床疗效相当,EIM短期内对患者吞咽困难症状改善作用明显,且具有术后并发症少等优点. 相似文献
47.
48.
目的总结在体外循环辅助下,经右房切口治疗合并下腔静脉血栓形成的布-加氏综合征的治疗经验。方法回顾我院自2002年9月至2010年7月共计49例在体外循环辅助下,经右心房切口治疗合并下腔静脉血栓的布加氏综合征的临床病例和随访资料。结果全组病人均成功的在体外循环辅助下完成经右房切口下腔静脉狭窄段扩张及血栓取出术。术中在手指破膜后再使用3.0×4.0cm球囊进行扩张。围手术期病人无死亡,无急性肺栓塞等严重并发症的发生。术后随访0~36个月,所有病人术后症状明显缓解,腹水及下肢水肿减轻至消失。1例病人术后1年后出现再狭窄,经股静脉行下腔静脉球囊扩张后好转。全组病人术后随访未见有血栓形成。结论在体外循环下,经右房切口对于合并下腔静脉血栓的布-加氏综合征是一种安全有效的治疗方法。 相似文献
49.
50.
Enhancement of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity: effects on cellular oxidant defense 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
To delineate further the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in red blood cell (RBC) oxidant defense, normal human erythrocytes were osmotically lysed and resealed in the presence of varying concentrations of exogenous SOD. This resulted in a dose-dependent increase in SOD activity in the resealed erythrocytes while maintaining nearly normal RBC hemoglobin concentration (less than 10% decrease from the control value), cell volume, and cellular deformability. Surprisingly, a five- or ninefold increase in SOD activity yielded no additional protection against superoxide-generating drugs (phenazine methosulfate or menadione sodium bisulfite). No significant differences were observed between the control and SOD-loaded RBCs in O2-driven methemoglobin formation or generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. In contrast, RBCs with elevated SOD activity pretreated with sodium azide (to block catalase activity) or 1-chloro-2,4- dinitrobenzene (to deplete reduced glutathione, GSH) showed significantly enhanced methemoglobin generation in response to superoxide generating drugs. No differential response was noted between the control, control-resealed, and SOD-loaded RBCs to oxidants other than superoxide. Based on our results and other data, we conclude that elevated SOD activity may imbalance cellular oxidant defense, resulting in enhanced oxidation due to the accelerated generation of H2O2, the product of O2- dismutation. This effect is significantly exacerbated under conditions in which H2O2 catabolism is altered. 相似文献