门诊抗菌药物使用调查

目的了解医院门诊抗菌药物应用情况，为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法抽查2006年1月至11月份门诊处方18163张，统计抗菌药物使用情况，并评价其合理性。结果含抗菌药物处方5809张，占总处方数31．98％。头孢菌素类药物使用率最高，其次为喹诺酮类。给药途径主要为口服给药。结论抗菌药物应用基本合理，但使用中存在一些问题，应引起重视。     

抗乙肝胎盘转移因子的特异免疫活性观察

本研究由ＨＢＶＭ－Ａｂ阳性胎盘提取的抗乙肝胎盘转移因子（ＰＳＴＦ）的特异免疫活性证明，经注射，小鼠外周血淋巴细胞明显增多，胸腺重量和指数亦显著增加，酯酶染色证明７５％属Ｔ－样淋巴细胞，２５％属Ｔｈｙ－样淋巴细胞，人白细胞或小鼠白细胞体外转移ＰＳＴＦ特异免疫活性、或豚鼠和小鼠体内转移ＰＳＴＦ特异免疫活性，再取其白细胞作白细胞粘附抑制、白细胞移动抑制、特异淋巴细胞转化、小鼠足掌注射和诱生γ－干扰素试验     

Huge gastric diospyrobezoars successfully treated by oral intake and endoscopic injection of Coca-Cola

A diospyrobezoar is a type of phytobezoar that is considered to be harder than any other types of phytobezoars. Here, we describe a new treatment modality, which effectively and easily disrupted huge gastric diospyrobezoars. A 41-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus was admitted with lower abdominal pain and vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed three huge, round diospyrobezoars in the stomach. He was made to drink two cans of Coca-Cola every 6 h. At endoscopy the next day, the bezoars were partially dissolved and turned to be softened. We performed direct endoscopic injection of Coca-Cola into each bezoar. At repeated endoscopy the next day, the bezoars were completely dissolved.     

Can a leukocyte depletion filter (LDF) reduce the risk of reintroduction of hepatocellular carcinoma cells?

During liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, HCC could theoretically be introduced into the systemic circulation when salvaged blood is used with an autotransfusion device. Several reports have shown that some types of leukocyte depletion filters (LDFs) could completely reduce the risk for reintroducing some types of tumor cells. In this study, we tested the ability of the LDF (RCEZ1T, Pall Biomedical Co, NY, USA) to reduce the risk for reintroducing HCC cells in vitro by using a very sensitive detection method. We divided the test group into 6 groups: group I was 10 cells, group II was 20 cells, group III was 2 x 10(3) cells, group IV was 2 x 10(5) cells, group V was 2 x 10(6) cells, and group VI was 2 x 10(7) cells. The counted cells in 200 mL saline were passed through the RCEZ1T using the force of gravity. To identify the presence of cells, the pellet was resuspended, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a housekeeping gene, was used as a primer. In groups I and II, the HCC cells were completely filtered in all experiments. However, in groups III, IV, and V, the HCC cells were not completely filtered in a few of the repeated experiments, with the unfiltered rate of tumor cells being between 8% and 20%. In group VI, the HCC cells were not completely filtered in all the repeated experiments. In conclusion, the RCEZ1T filter markedly reduced the risk for reintroduction of HCC cells. However, at high HCC cell load the filter cannot completely remove all the tumor cells. Further studies are required to assess the impact in clinical settings.     

扶正调平汤减轻化疗毒副反应的临床观察

目的研究在化疗过程中运用扶正调平汤对减轻肿瘤患者的骨髓抑制，消化道症状等化疗副反应的作用。方法通过临床对60例手术及非手术胃癌患者随机分成两组，即治疗组和对照组，观察化疗前后两组的血象变化、消化道反应情况，及其生活质量进行评定，比较、分析。结果实验证明化疗同时配合扶正调平汤对改善化疗副反应的作用显著化于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论说明扶正调平汤对减轻化疗毒副反应方面具有较好的临床疗效。提高了患者生活质量，使惠者顺利完成化疗疗程。     

Further studies on interactions between periaqueductal gray, nucleus accumbens and habenula in antinociception.

Previous findings from this laboratory with the intracerebral microinjection technique suggested that the periaqueductal gray (PAG), nucleus accumbens, and habenula might constitute a unidirectional loop to play their roles in pain modulation. In the present study we demonstrate that intra-habenular injection of naloxone antagonizes the analgesia elicited by morphine injected into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and that intra-accumbens injection of naloxone is capable of attenuating the analgesic effects of morphine injected into the habenula. These results indicate that the relationships between these nuclei may be more complex than the putative unidirectional loop.     

几种抗癌药对HL—60细胞在小鼠肾囊膜下生长的抑制作用

以纤维蛋白凝块为HL-60细胞支持物,将其接种于正常和免疫抑制小鼠肾囊膜下,观察其增殖特性和生长特点。结果HL-60细胞纤维蛋白凝块在免疫排斥反应出现前的正常小鼠肾囊膜下,体积增殖5倍左右;在免疫抑制小鼠肾囊膜下,增殖15倍左右。组织切片发现,在肾囊膜下生长6d细胞密度明显增加,生长细胞沿肾囊膜向四周侵润,肿瘤细胞切面面积明显扩大,且生长细胞仍保持HL-60细胞的形态特点。维甲酸(RA)、维胺酸(RⅡ)及三尖杉酯碱等药物可明显抑制HL-60细胞的生长。     

Transdermal permeation-enhancing activities of some inorganic anions

Effects of sodium salts of various monovalent inorganic anions on transdermal permeation of salicylic acid were investigated. In in-vitro experiment using a Franz-type diffusion cell and excised mouse skin, the permeation-enhancing activities of the sodium salts of inorganic anions were roughly proportional to lyotropic Hofmeister swelling abilities of the anions; F^?<SO₄ ^2?<Cl^? <ClO₄ ^?<NO₃ <SCN^? <Br <I^?, i.e. l, Br and SCN increased the flux of drugs through the mouse skin, while F^?, SO₄ ^2?, Cl^?, ClO₄ ^? and NO₃ ^? decreased or did not affect the flux. In invivo experiment using the rabbit as the test animal, the plasma concentration of salicylic acid of the rabbit to which 10%-salicylic acid ointment containing 5%-Nal or NaBr was applied was significantly higher than that of the rabbit to which the ointment without the electrolytes was applied. The amounts of sterol leached out of stratum corneum sheet when the sheet was immersed in aqueous solutions of Nal, NaBr, or NaSCN were much more than that of stratum corneum immersed in aqueous solutions of the other inorganic anions. The FTIR/ATR spectroscopy showed that the peaks at 2853 cm^?1 and 2924 cm^?1 in the IR absorption spectrum of the stratum corneum sheet of the mouse were shifted to higher frequencies by the anions which enhanced the transdermal drug permeation, while not shifted by the anions which did not have any permeation-enhancing activities or have permeation-reducing activities. These results suggest that sodium salts of some anions such as iodide, bromide and thiocyanate enhance transdermal permeation of salicylic acid through swelling and perturbation of the skin structure by these anions.