术后早期肠系膜静脉血栓形成的诊断与治疗

目的 分析腹部术后早期肠系膜静脉血栓形成的临床特点及诊断与治疗。方法 回顾性总结我院14年间7例腹部术后早期肠系膜静脉血栓形成患者的临床资料。结果 患者均体胖，主要临床表现为持续剧烈的腹痛和呕吐，腹部体征相比较轻；有2例甚至出现全身中毒症状。腹部X线检查均提示肠梗阻；4例腹部CT检查，其中3例提示本病；6例术前腹腔穿刺出血性液体。7例患者均予以手术探查，分别切除长度不一的坏死小肠段。2例术后出现短肠综合征，其中1例因严重营养不良，衰竭死亡。4例术后反复出现门静脉、肠系膜静脉和髂静脉血栓，需出院后长期服用肠溶阿斯匹林或华法令钠。结论 术后早期肠系膜静脉血栓形成在临床上无何特异性的症状和体征，极易误诊。治疗方面应强调及时地剖腹探查并配合使用全身性的抗凝溶栓药物。     

Y型静脉搭桥术的临床应用

为了探讨组织移植时受区无可供吻合血管及复杂性断掌动脉缺损的治疗方法,１９９０年１月～１９９６年７月,采用Ｙ型静脉移植搭桥修复合并血管损伤的组织缺损、复杂性组织缺损及重建挤压撕脱性断掌血运。临床应用２３例,小腿前侧皮肤及骨缺损６例,股骨骨折股动脉损伤并组织缺损３例,五指缺失２例,复杂性断掌１２例。结果表明,１５个移植组织及１２例再植肢体全部成活,无一例感染及坏死。经１年～５年随访,肢体功能恢复良好,１９例恢复了原工作。认为,Ｙ型静脉搭桥术是克服组织移植及复杂性断掌血管缺损的一种较理想的方法。     

肾上腺性性征异常的诊断与治疗

目的探讨肾上腺性性征异常的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗,特别是分泌性激素的肾上腺肿瘤的良恶性鉴别诊断和各种先天性肾上腺增生疾病的治疗原则。方法报告１９８６年～１９９６年８例先天性肾上腺皮质增生和５例分泌性激素的肾上腺肿瘤的诊治经验。结果先天性肾上腺皮质增生中有３例１７α羟化酶缺乏症,肿瘤患者包括２例女性男性化、３例男性女性化肾上腺肿瘤。分泌性激素肾上腺肿瘤均经手术切除。结论分泌性激素的肾上腺皮质肿瘤的重量、直径、ＤＨＥＡ、尿１７酮和血性激素水平、ＣＴ表现和肿瘤的浸润及转移可作为判断肿瘤良恶性的参考指标。对大体积肾上腺肿瘤首选改良肋缘下切口。先天性肾上腺皮质增生应根据疾病类型而选用不同皮质激素进行治疗,对于１７α羟化酶缺乏的病例,儿童期至青春期不宜应用性激素治疗。     

速度向量成像技术评估妊娠高血压综合征胎儿心肌节段功能

目的探讨速度向量成像技术检测妊娠高血压综合征(PIH)胎儿左、右心室心肌节段功能的临床意义。资料与方法采集81例PIH胎儿,包括妊娠高血压组(GH组)24例、轻度子痫前期组(MPE组)25例、重度子痫前期组(SPE组)32例,以及136例正常胎儿(对照组)的心脏四腔观超声心动图,测量左、右心室各节段收缩期峰值运动速度(Vs)、舒张期峰值运动速度(Vd)、峰值应变(S)、收缩期峰值应变率(SRs)和舒张期峰值应变率(SRd)。结果 217例胎儿中成功采集图像192例。PIH各组左、右心室壁Vs和Vd均由基底段至心尖段逐渐减低(P<0.01),S、SRs和SRd在基底段、中间段和心尖段差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GH组左、右心室壁Vs、Vd、S、SRs和SRd与对照组相应节段心肌比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MPE组右心室壁S、SRs和SRd较对照组降低(P<0.05);SPE组左、右心室壁S、SRs和SRd较对照组、GH组和MPE组均降低(P<0.05),右心室壁Vd较对照组及GH组降低(P<0.05)。结论速度向量成像技术可以检测PIH胎儿左、右心室心肌节段功能的变化,PIH对子痫前期胎儿左、右心室功能均有影响,以右心功能损害首先发生。     

Dynamic changes in salivary cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A response to acute stress

Psychological stress leads to the secretion of cortisol. While this psychoneuroendocrine response helps to maintain physiological as well as psychological homeostasis under stress, exaggerated release of cortisol can suppress aspects of immune function and have negative effects on health. The present study set out to investigate the dynamic changes in salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and cortisol before and after acute stress, and to analyse the relationship between sIgA and cortisol trend. Thirty‐five healthy subjects took part in this study. All subjects underwent an acute stress test (mental arithmetic task). Salivary cortisol and sIgA responses were assessed repeatedly before the stress test, immediately after the stress test and 20 min after the stress test. The levels of salivary cortisol and sIgA both significantly increased after the acute mental arithmetic challenge. However, the increase of sIgA is transient; the sIgA fall was significantly correlated with the cortisol rise during the 20 min after stress (r = 0.569, p < 0.001). These results may help determine the timing of effective intervention in order to reduce the hypersecretion of cortisol and improve mucosal immune function. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regeneration of spinal cord with cell and gene therapy

Objective: Transplantation of fetal spinal cord cells (FSCC) can promote regeneration of injured spinal cord, while Schwann cells (SC) and some growth factors have a similar effect. However, the synergistic effects and optimal combination of these modalities have not yet been evaluated. In the current study, the efficiency of cell therapy of FSCC and/or SC, with/without growth factors (nerve growth factor [NGF] and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) was examined, with the aim of establishing an optimized protocol for spinal cord injury. Methods: One hundred and twenty adult rats were randomly divided into six groups with 20 rats in each group. One week after the thoracic spinal cord injury model had been created, the rats were treated with different therapeutic modalities: Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM) in Group I, FSCC in Group II, FSCC plus SC in Group III, FSCC plus SC over‐expressing NGF in Group IV, FSCC plus SC over‐expressing BDNF in Group V, and FSCC plus SC over‐expressing both NGF and BDNF in Group VI. Subsequently, the rats were subjected to behavioral tests once a week after injury, while histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed at one and three month post‐operation. Results: Both SC and FSCC promoted regeneration of spinal cord injury when used separately, while a combination of the two types of cell resulted in better recovery than either alone. Both growth factors (NGF and BDNF) enhanced the outcomes of cell therapy, while synergistic effects meant that a combination of each individual component (group VI) achieved the best results according to locomotion scale, histology and immunoreactivity in the injured cords. Conclusion: SC, NGF and BDNF can enhance the outcome of FSCC therapy, while the combination of FSC with SC, NGF and BDNF is possibly the optimal protocol for clinical treatment of acute spinal cord injury.     

rhGM-CSF基因真核表达载体的构建及其在COS-7细胞和小鼠体内的表达

将ｈＧＭＣＳＦ基因克隆至真核表达质粒ｐＣＤＳ中，构建成重组质粒ｐＣＧ１。用电穿孔法将质粒ｐＣＧ１导入ＣＯＳ７细胞和直接注射小鼠骨骼肌内，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测显示质粒ｐＣＧ１转染ＣＯＳ７细胞后４８、７２、９６ｈ和肌注质粒ｐＣＧ１后ｄ１０、ｄ１５、ｄ２０、ｄ２５小鼠体内均有ｈＧＭＣＳＦ的表达。生物学活性检测显示含肌注ｐＣＧ１的小鼠血液有维持ＴＦ１细胞生长的作用，表明重组质粒ｐＣＧ１表达分泌的ｈＧＭＣＳＦ具有生物学活性     

“Dynamic spot sign” on CT perfusion source images predicts haematoma expansion in acute intracerebral haemorrhage

Objectives

To evaluate the association between dynamic progressive enhancing foci (“dynamic spot sign”) in acute haematoma on CT perfusion source images (CTP-SI) and haematoma expansion.

Methods

One hundred twelve consecutive patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage according to unenhanced CT, CTP and CT angiography within 6 h of symptom onset were prospectively evaluated. Patients were dichotomised according to the presence/absence of the dynamic spot sign on CTP-SI in haematoma. The predictive value of haematoma expansion was analysed.

Results

Haematoma expansion was detected in 28 patients (25.0 %) on follow-up unenhanced CT images. Thirty patients (26.8 %) demonstrated the dynamic spot sign on CTP-SI, about 83.3 % of patients with haematoma expansion (P?<?0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa value for expansion were 89.3 %, 94.0 %, 96.3 %, 83.3 % and 0.814, respectively. In multiple regression, the presence of the CTP dynamic spot sign within acute haematomas independently predicted haematoma expansion; the univariate analysis OR value was 131.667 (29.386–590.289), P?<?0.0001. Moreover, the multivariate analysis CTP dynamic spot sign OR value was 203.996 (32.123–1295.488), P?<?0.0001.

Conclusions

The CTP-SI dynamic spot sign is associated with acute haematoma expansion, is more direct in showing active ongoing bleeding and has a higher predictive value than the CTA spot sign.

Key Points

? It is important to identify potential progression of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. ? Dynamic enhancement within CT perfusion source images is associated with haemorrhage expansion. ? The CTP dynamic spot sign may be present throughout arterial to venous phase imaging. ? The CTP dynamic spot sign carries a higher predive value for haematoma expansion than CTA.     

颅咽管瘤的CT分析

本文回顾性分析了６５例颅咽管瘤的ＣＴ表现。颅咽管瘤可分为囊性（包括单囊性与多囊性）、囊实性和实性肿瘤。本组囊性肿瘤３９例，占６０％，其中多为低密度，少数为等密度或高密度。增强扫描囊内无强化。鞍上池内囊性病变囊壁钙化、边缘强化是本病的特征表现。多囊性也是本病的特征表现。囊实性肿瘤１８例，占２７．７％，表现为部分囊性、部分实性，囊性部分仍具有囊性颅咽管瘤的特征。实性肿瘤８例，占１２．３％，有时实性肿瘤     

pQCT bone strength index may serve as a better predictor than bone mineral density for long bone breaking strength

Bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly used to predict osteoporotic fracture risk without considering the geometry of the bone. However, geometric parameters are also important in determination of bone strength. An index including both material and geometric properties may be therefore more relevant in prediction of fracture risk. We studied the correlation between parameters measured by noninvasive peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and bone bending strength of the diaphysis of 45 fresh goat humeri and 27 femora. Multislice pQCT was used for measuring volumetric diaphyseal cortical BMD, total BMD, diaphyseal and cortical cross-sectional area (CSA), and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) and their derived bone strength indices (BSIs), including BSI_CSMI (cortical BMD × CSMI) and BSI_CSA (cortical BMD × cortical CSA). Conventional dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) was also conducted to measure areal BMD of diaphysis for comparison. Ultimate fracture load was obtained via three-point bending test. Results showed that for femora, fracture load was correlated better with BSI_CSA (r = 0.697, P 0.001) than cortical BMD (r = 0.304, P 0.05) and total BMD (r = 0.387, P 0.05) measured using pQCT and areal BMD (r = 0.612, P 0.001) measured using DXA. For humeri, fracture load was also correlated with BSI_CSA (r = 0.579, P 0.001) but not with other pQCT parameters including cortical BMD and total BMD (r = 0.282 and 0.305, respectively; P 0.05, both). The best correlation was found with areal BMD measured by DXA (r = 0.760, P 0.001). In conclusion, pQCT noninvasive BSI_CSA derived from cortical BMD (material) and its cortical CSA (bone geometry or distribution) may serve as an important noninvasive index for predicting long bone bending strength. The bending strength was also predicted by bone mass (areal BMD) measured by DXA, an integration of bone mineral and geometry. Further clinical studies are needed to validate the predictive value of BSI in long bone osteoporotic fracture.