老年人自我完整性研究进展

对老年人自我完整性概念及发展、评估工具、影响因素及提升老年人自我完整性干预措施进行综述,指出目前研究存在的问题及未来的研究方向,旨在为国内开展相关研究及护理实践提供参考借鉴。     

Multiple inversion recovery MR subtraction imaging of human ventilation from inhalation of room air and pure oxygen.

The feasibility of MR subtraction imaging of lung ventilation using air against oxygen using a multiple inversion recovery half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo (MIR-HASTE) sequence was investigated. Eight healthy, nonsmoking volunteers (3 males, 5 females; from 27 to 48 years of age) were studied on a 1.5 T MR unit. The ventilation image was obtained from the subtraction of the images acquired with the subject inhaling room air and 100% oxygen. By suppressing the signal from subcutaneous fat and thoracic muscle, MIR-HASTE improved the subtraction of signal arising from background tissues. Lung parenchyma, pulmonary veins, descending aorta, spleen, and kidney showed high signal difference, but pulmonary arteries exhibited minimal signal difference. Because of minimal signal change in the pulmonary arteries after inhalation of 100% oxygen, the average signal decreases in the left and right lungs including hilus and periphery amounted to only 19.4+/-4.5 and 20.2+/-3.4%, respectively, compared with regional averages of 23.6+/-5.4 and 24.1+/-3.1% for both lung peripheries alone. Magn Reson Med 43:913-916, 2000.     

Changes of adiponectin oligomer composition by moderate weight reduction

Adiponectin affects lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. However, adiponectin circulates in three different oligomers that may also have distinct biological functions. We aimed to analyze the role of these oligomers in obesity and lipid metabolism after weight reduction. A total of 17 obese volunteers (15 women and 2 men) participated in a weight reduction program. Individuals were characterized before and after 6 months of a balanced diet. Adiponectin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and oligomers were detected by nondenaturating Western blot. BMI decreased (35.1 +/- 1.2 to 32.8 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2), P < 0.001), which was associated with an improved metabolite profile. Total adiponectin increased from 5.3 +/- 0.5 to 6.1 +/- 0.6 microg/ml (P = 0.076). High (HMW) and medium molecular weight (MMW) adiponectin oligomers significantly increased during weight reduction (HMW: 0.37 +/- 0.07 to 0.4 +/- 0.08 microg/ml, P = 0.042; MMW: 2.3 +/- 0.2 to 2.9 +/- 0.3 microg/ml, P = 0.007), while low molecular weight (LMW) did not significantly change. Body weight inversely correlated with HMW (r = -0.695, P = 0.002) and positively with LMW (r = 0.579, P = 0.015). Interestingly, HDL cholesterol and HMW were strongly correlated (r = 0.665, P = 0.007). Indeed, HMW and free fatty acids before weight reduction predicted approximately 60% of HDL changes during intervention. In conclusion, weight reduction results in a relative increase of HMW/MMW adiponectin and a reduction of LMW adiponectin. Total adiponectin and especially HMW adiponectin are related to circulating HDL cholesterol.     

后路椎间盘镜微创手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨应用椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年7月至2008年1月椎间盘镜治疗的腰椎间盘突出症182例192个椎间隙。结果单间隙单侧突出者165例,单间隙双侧突出者7例,双间隙突出者10例,合并侧隐窝狭窄者70例。突出间隙和突出位置以L4／5节段（109个）和后外侧型间隙176例为最多。术后随访7～30个月,平均25个月。疗效优良率92．3％。术后发生椎间盘炎1例,硬膜囊撕裂2例,因静脉丛出血中转为开放手术3例,无神经根损伤发生。结论椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有创伤小、恢复快疗效好等优点。是一种理想的微创手术治疗方法。     

Apoptin与顺铂联用对膀胱癌T24细胞具有协同杀伤作用

目的探讨pApoptin-EGFP质粒转染与顺铂(DDP)联用对体外培养的膀胱癌T24细胞的协同杀伤作用。方法脂质体介导pApoptin-EGFP瞬时转染与梯度浓度DDP共同处理膀胱癌T24细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖变化;pApoptin-EGFP瞬时转染与10μg/ml的DDP处理T24细胞,Annexin V法检测凋亡变化;金氏法分析两种抗肿瘤方式的协同作用。结果 DDP、pEGFP-N1+DDP和pApoptin-EGFP+DDP 3组的IC50分别为10.61、7.9和2.4μg/ml,以金氏法计算,确认pApoptin-EGFP质粒转染与DDP处理对T24的抑制增殖效应具有协同作用,而转染空质粒与DDP干预仅仅为简单相加。同法检测DDP、pApoptin-EGFP、pApoptin-EGFP+DDP 3组的凋亡率分别为(6.96±1.32)%、(19.55±1.09)%和(32.5±1.15)%,3组凋亡率相互间均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。按金氏法计算,确认转染pApoptin-EGFP重组质粒与10μg/ml浓度DDP处理对T24细胞具有协同的促凋亡作用。结论 Apoptin基因转染与顺铂联用对T24肿瘤抑制增殖及诱导凋亡具有协同作用。     

rhGM-CSF基因真核表达载体的构建及其在COS-7细胞和小鼠体内的表达

将ｈＧＭＣＳＦ基因克隆至真核表达质粒ｐＣＤＳ中，构建成重组质粒ｐＣＧ１。用电穿孔法将质粒ｐＣＧ１导入ＣＯＳ７细胞和直接注射小鼠骨骼肌内，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测显示质粒ｐＣＧ１转染ＣＯＳ７细胞后４８、７２、９６ｈ和肌注质粒ｐＣＧ１后ｄ１０、ｄ１５、ｄ２０、ｄ２５小鼠体内均有ｈＧＭＣＳＦ的表达。生物学活性检测显示含肌注ｐＣＧ１的小鼠血液有维持ＴＦ１细胞生长的作用，表明重组质粒ｐＣＧ１表达分泌的ｈＧＭＣＳＦ具有生物学活性     

Clinical significance of 18F-α-methyl tyrosine PET/CT for the detection of bone marrow invasion in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI

Objective

L-3-[¹⁸F]-fluoro-α-methyl tyrosine (¹⁸F-FAMT) is an amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) which specifically transported into cancer cells by L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). LAT1 overexpression in tumors is significantly correlated with cell proliferation and angiogenesis. ¹⁸F-FAMT PET/CT, fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared for their diagnostic performance in the detection of bone marrow invasion in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

Twenty-seven patients with OSCC on the upper or lower alveolar ridge underwent staging by MRI, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FAMT PET/CT studies before surgery. Post-surgical pathologic examination was used as the standard to determine the final diagnoses. The possibility of bone marrow invasion on MRI, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FAMT PET/CT were usually graded retrospectively into five-point score. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated according to the obtained scores.

Results

As the sensitivity of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was highest (100 %) among that of MRI (95 %) and ¹⁸F-FAMT PET/CT (90 %), the specificity of ¹⁸F-FAMT PET/CT was highest (85.7 %) among that of MRI (57 %) and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (14.3 %). The size of pathological tumor was accorded with that detected by ¹⁸F-FAMT PET/CT and was smaller than that detected by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (P < 0.01). Significant difference was not found between ¹⁸F-FAMT PET tumor volume and pathological tumor volume.

Conclusions

¹⁸F-FAMT PET/CT was useful and more specific than MRI or ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of bone marrow invasion of OSCC and may contribute to minimize the extent of resection in oral surgery patient.     

“Dynamic spot sign” on CT perfusion source images predicts haematoma expansion in acute intracerebral haemorrhage

Objectives

To evaluate the association between dynamic progressive enhancing foci (“dynamic spot sign”) in acute haematoma on CT perfusion source images (CTP-SI) and haematoma expansion.

Methods

One hundred twelve consecutive patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage according to unenhanced CT, CTP and CT angiography within 6 h of symptom onset were prospectively evaluated. Patients were dichotomised according to the presence/absence of the dynamic spot sign on CTP-SI in haematoma. The predictive value of haematoma expansion was analysed.

Results

Haematoma expansion was detected in 28 patients (25.0 %) on follow-up unenhanced CT images. Thirty patients (26.8 %) demonstrated the dynamic spot sign on CTP-SI, about 83.3 % of patients with haematoma expansion (P?<?0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa value for expansion were 89.3 %, 94.0 %, 96.3 %, 83.3 % and 0.814, respectively. In multiple regression, the presence of the CTP dynamic spot sign within acute haematomas independently predicted haematoma expansion; the univariate analysis OR value was 131.667 (29.386–590.289), P?<?0.0001. Moreover, the multivariate analysis CTP dynamic spot sign OR value was 203.996 (32.123–1295.488), P?<?0.0001.

Conclusions

The CTP-SI dynamic spot sign is associated with acute haematoma expansion, is more direct in showing active ongoing bleeding and has a higher predictive value than the CTA spot sign.

Key Points

? It is important to identify potential progression of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. ? Dynamic enhancement within CT perfusion source images is associated with haemorrhage expansion. ? The CTP dynamic spot sign may be present throughout arterial to venous phase imaging. ? The CTP dynamic spot sign carries a higher predive value for haematoma expansion than CTA.     

飞行人员神经衰弱病因学的对照研究

用“病例－对照”的研究方法，探讨了飞行人员神经衰弱发生的有关危险因素。病例组对对照组共１０１例，详细分析比较了两组的人格结构、心理状况、负性生活事件史、躯体疾病史以及家庭遗传等。单因素统计分析结果显示，病例组的飞行人员不仅具有明显的心理不健康因素、内向性格和家庭遗传倾向，而且遭遇了较强、较频负性生活事件的打击。多因素条件ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ因归分析结果也显示，人格因素，负性生活事件和心理情绪的病态是飞     

颅咽管瘤的CT分析

本文回顾性分析了６５例颅咽管瘤的ＣＴ表现。颅咽管瘤可分为囊性（包括单囊性与多囊性）、囊实性和实性肿瘤。本组囊性肿瘤３９例，占６０％，其中多为低密度，少数为等密度或高密度。增强扫描囊内无强化。鞍上池内囊性病变囊壁钙化、边缘强化是本病的特征表现。多囊性也是本病的特征表现。囊实性肿瘤１８例，占２７．７％，表现为部分囊性、部分实性，囊性部分仍具有囊性颅咽管瘤的特征。实性肿瘤８例，占１２．３％，有时实性肿瘤