Purpose The ability to reproducibly and repeatedly image rodents in noninvasive imaging systems, such as small-animal positron emission
tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), requires a reliable method for anesthetizing, positioning, and heating animals
in a simple reproducible manner. In this paper, we demonstrate that mice and rats can be reproducibly and repeatedly imaged
using an imaging chamber designed to be rigidly mounted on multiple imaging systems.
Procedures Mouse and rat imaging chambers were made of acrylic plastic and aluminum. MicroCT scans were used to evaluate the positioning
reproducibility of the chambers in multimodality and longitudinal imaging studies. The ability of the chambers to maintain
mouse and rat body temperatures while anesthetized with gas anesthesia was also evaluated.
Results Both the mouse and rat imaging chambers were able to reproducibly position the animals in the imaging systems with a small
degree of error. Placement of the mouse in the mouse imaging chamber resulted in a mean distance of 0.23 mm per reference
point in multimodality studies, whereas for longitudinal studies the mean difference was 1.11 mm. The rat chamber resulted
in a mean difference of 0.46 mm in multimodality studies and a mean difference of 4.31 mm in longitudinal studies per reference
point. The chambers maintained rodent body temperatures at the set point temperature of 38°C.
Conclusions The rodent imaging chambers were able to reproducibly position rodents in tomographs with a small degree of variability and
were compatible with routine use. The embedded anesthetic line and heating system was capable of maintaining the rodent’s
temperature and anesthetic state, thereby enhancing rodent health and improving data collection reliability. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of intensive chemotherapy, administered without dose reduction, with cranial and thoracic radiotherapy given when possible as a single fraction in small cell lung cancer. 87 patients were eligible on the basis of good performance status, normal or near normal biochemistry and clinical staging, 73 limited and 14 extensive stage, computed tomography scanning was not mandatory. Six cycles of carboplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide with vincristine on day 15 at 4 weekly intervals were planned. Dosages were not reduced in response to myelosuppression. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) as a single fraction after the first cycle and thoracic irradiation (when possible as a single fraction) following the third cycle were delivered. Seventy-two per cent of patients completed the protocol. Complete response rate was 55% and 26% of patients had a partial response. The median nadirs of neutropenia were 0.5 × 109/l and thrombocytopenia 14 × 109/l, with 6% probable treatment-related deaths. Performance status and dyspnoea improved markedly to normal or near normal levels following the second course. Brain metastases occurred in 13% of patients. The median survival was 16.2 months with a 2-year survival of 31% (95% confidence interval, 24–41%) for a minimum follow-up of 26 months. These results compare favourably with other combined modality studies, using multiple radiotherapy fractions with cisplatin-based combinations and dosage reduction for patients staged in more anatomical detail. The toxicity spectrum and efficacy data could lead to the use of this chemotherapy regimen with haematopoietic growth factors and, in the future, peripheral blood progenitor cell rescue. 相似文献
We investigated if orally administered bifidobacteria and/or lactobacilli could be cultured from faeces of infants after antibiotic treatment, when these bacterial species are usually absent. Lyophilized Bifidobacterium longum, strain BB-536, B. breve, strain BB-576, or Lactobacillus acidophilus, strain LAC-343, were used. Doses of 3 x 10(9) cells of one strain, or a mixture of all three strains 3 x 10(9) cells each were fed three times daily at mealtimes to 11 infants aged 0-8 weeks. Treatment was started the first day after antibiotic treatment and was continued for 5 days. The bacterial species were isolated in 9 of 11, 7 of 10 and 2 of 9 specimens obtained on the last day of bifidobacteria or lactobacilli administration, 5 and 15 days thereafter, respectively. No side effects were noted. 相似文献
Car seat loan and rental programs have provided many families with low-cost access to child restraints. When an infant or child is unable to be accommodated in a standard car seat or seat belt owing to physical or medical problems, parents of these children have few, if any available resources. The establishment and operation of a loan program at the Indiana University School of Medicine for children who are medically fragile is reviewed in this article. This program was developed by the Automotive Safety for Children Program at the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Medical Center, to meet the special transportation needs of children with respiratory, orthopaedic, and other medical and physical difficulties. A summary table is included to highlight restraints that have performed satisfactorily during dynamic crash tests and are used to meet patient transportation needs at Riley Hospital. Guidelines for establishing and maintaining a child restraint loan program for children with special needs are outlined to encourage replication of this effort. 相似文献
Paul K. Whelton, MD, MSc; Jiang He, MD, PhD; Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH; Jeffrey A. Cutler, MD, MPH; Stephen Havas, MD, MPH, MS; Theodore A. Kotchen, MD; Edward J. Roccella, PhD, MPH; Ron Stout, MD, MPH; Carlos Vallbona, MD; Mary C. Winston, EdD, RD; Joanne Karimbakas, MS, RD; for the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee
JAMA. 2002;288:1882-1888.
The National High Blood Pressure Education Program CoordinatingCommittee published its first statement on the primary preventionof hypertension in 1993. This article updates the 1993 report,using new and further evidence from the scientific literature.Current recommendations for primary prevention of hypertensioninvolve a population-based approach and an intensive targetedstrategy focused on individuals at high risk for hypertension.These 2 strategies are complementary and emphasize 6 approacheswith proven efficacy for prevention of hypertension: engagein moderate physical activity; maintain normal body weight;limit alcohol consumption; reduce sodium intake; maintain adequateintake of potassium; and consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables,and low-fat dairy products and reduced in saturated and totalfat. Applying these approaches to the general population asa component of public health and clinical practice can helpprevent blood pressure from increasing and can help decreaseelevated blood pressure levels for those with high normal bloodpressure or hypertension.
We present a patient with surgical stage I endometrial cancer who experienced laparotomy wound recurrence 4 years after primary treatment. She was treated successfully by complete surgical resection of recurrent tumors and chemotherapy. A 62-year-old white female with laparotomy wound recurrence of endometrial carcinoma with small-bowel involvement and concomitant subcutaneous metastasis in the abdominal wall underwent complete surgical resection of metastatic tumors followed by six cycles of chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve 5). Since 24 months after resection of recurrence, she has no evidence of disease recurrence. Endometrial carcinoma with laparotomy wound recurrences, especially those with concomitant metastases, can be successfully treated by complete surgical resection followed by chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel and carboplatin. 相似文献