Crohn's disease associated strictures

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting disease that can affect any segments of the gastrointestinal tract. More than 50% of patients with CD develop stricturing or penetrating complications within the first 10 years after diagnosis. Strictures can lead to intestinal obstruction, which is a common indication for surgery. Despite significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrostenosis, imaging and therapeutic armamentarium of CD, the risk of intestinal surgery remained significantly high. Endoscopic balloon dilation is a promising first‐line alternative to surgery as it is less invasive and could preserve intestinal length. In this review, we will evaluate the literature on the mechanism of intestinal fibrosis, emerging imaging techniques, and management strategies for CD associated strictures.     

Sex differences in epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer

Sex significantly influences the clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC). These include differences in incidence and mortality rates, clinical presentations including age, emergency surgery for complications from CRC, screening participation rates, site, stage and treatment utilization, histopathology and survival. Environmental, behavioral and biological factors contribute to the differential risk. Recent advances in the molecular biology of CRC, specifically in microsatellite status, estrogen hormone and estrogen receptor β, have led to greater understanding of the effect of estrogen in colorectal carcinogenesis. Estrogen may preferentially protect against microsatellite unstable cancers through its effect on selected molecular targets; however, the exact pathways have not been elucidated. Recognition of important sex disparities in these areas may lead to the implementation of specific measures to diminish these differences and facilitate equitable distribution of health resources. Identifying specific molecular targets on CRC that interact with estrogen may stimulate research to improve the overall outcomes of all patients with CRC.     

p16基因在消化系肿瘤的研究进展

ｐ１６基因又称多重肿瘤抑制基因１（ＭＴＳ１）、细胞周期素依赖激酶４的抑制物（ｃｙｃｌｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｋｉｎａｓｅ４ｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒ,ＣＤＫ４Ｉ）或ＣＤＫＮ２,是新近发现的一个重要抑癌基因,与许多肿瘤的发生、发展关系密切．与ｐ５３基因相比,它具有突变率高、分子量小,易于标定的特点,因而很快成为肿瘤分子生物学、分子遗传学等学科的研究热点．目前,人们已从基础及临床诊治等多个角度对ｐ１６基因进行了研究．本文旨在综述ｐ１６基因与消化系肿瘤发生、发展的关系及ｐ１６基因治疗情况．１　ｐ１６基因的作用及…     

Coordinate glycosylation and cell surface expression of glycophorin A during normal human erythropoiesis

The expression of two epitopes on glycophorin A (GPA) during erythroid development was examined on normal human bone marrow using quantitative flow cytometry. The highly correlated binding of two monoclonal antibodies, one sensitive and the other insensitive to glycosylation, indicated that the two epitopes were coordinately expressed during erythroid development. Both antigens reached a maximum expression during the early normoblast stage and were maintained at a constant amount per cell throughout further maturation to erythrocytes. These data suggest that glycosylation of GPA, as detected by antibodies recognizing blood group (M) and (N) antigens, does not increase during erythroid maturation.     

Oncogenic Wnt3a is a promising sensitive biomarker for monitoring hepatocarcinogenesis

Background: The effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) depends on early diagnosis. Previously, the abnormal expression of Wnt3a as the key signaling molecule in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was found in HCC cells and could be released into the circulation. In this study, we used rat model of hepatocarcinogenesis to dynamically investigate the alteration of oncogenic Wnt3a and to explore its early monitor value for HCC. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats(SD) were fed with diet 2-fluorenylac...