液基细胞学结合阴道镜检查在北京市社区妇女宫颈病变筛查中的意义

目的探讨宫颈液基细胞学及阴道镜检查在北京市社区妇女宫颈病变筛查中的临床意义。方法2006年6月至2007年6月对北京市展览路社区的795位20～54岁有性生活的妇女进行筛查。筛查对象接受妇科检查时,留取宫颈超柏氏薄层液基细胞学检测标本,并对宫颈细胞学异常者行阴道镜检查及活组织检查。结果宫颈细胞学阳性[≥ASC-US（不能明确意义的不典型鳞状细胞）]45例,占5．7％（45／795）。其中ASC-US33例,占73．3％（33／45）;低度鳞状上皮内病变8例;高度鳞状上皮内病变3例;不典型腺细胞1例。细胞学阴性750例,占94．3％（750／795）。宫颈细胞学阳性的45例中,5例拒绝行阴道镜检查,占11．1％（5／45）。在行阴道镜活组织病理检查的40例中,慢性宫颈炎11例（27．5％）;宫颈湿疣14例（35．0％）;宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）1为7例（17．5％）;CIN2为3例（7．5％）;CIN3为4例（10．0％）;早期浸润癌1例（2．5％）。细胞学阴性的750例中,宫颈湿疣2例（0．3％）;CIN1为5例（0．7％）;宫颈低级别腺上皮内病变1例（0．1％）。宫颈液基细胞学筛查CIN1及以上宫颈病变和宫颈癌的敏感度71．4％,特异度94．2％,阳性预测值37．5％,阴性预测值99．2％;筛查CIN2及以上宫颈病变和宫颈癌的敏感度100．0％,特异度96．0％,阳性预测值20．5％,阴性预测值100．0％。结论应重视并及时进行北京市社区人群宫颈病变的早期筛查,薄层液基细胞学结合阴道镜活组织检查及病理学检查,对提高早期宫颈癌筛查的准确性效果明显。     

Mechanical endothelial damage results in basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial damage, such as that associated with balloon angioplasty or preparation of veins for bypass grafts, results in intimal hyperplasia. Growth factors and cytokines that modulate endothelial cell functions through various intracellular signaling pathways mediate rapid endothelial repair, which may prevent or reduce restenosis. Here we investigated the effect of mechanical injury of endothelial cells on the mitogen-activated kinase signaling pathways, extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK), and p38. METHODS: Confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells or bovine aortic endothelial cells were wounded with a razor blade; mitogen-activated kinase activation was monitored by immunoblotting with antibodies to active ERK, JNK/SAPK, or p38. RESULTS: Wounding of human umbilical vein endothelial cell or bovine aortic endothelial cell monolayers resulted in rapid (5-minute) activation of ERK-1 and -2, which was abolished by monoclonal antibody to basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). This antibody or an inhibitor of ERK activation, PD98059, also blocked endothelial cell migration after the wounding. Thus FGF-2-induced ERK activation mediates the endothelial response to wounding. CONCLUSIONS: ERK-1 and -2 are activated by FGF-2 released from endothelial cells in response to injury. Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing FGF-2-induced intimal hyperplasia should preserve ERK activation in endothelial cells while abolishing it in smooth muscle cells.     

Study of thymic factors. II. Failure of thymosin to alter the natural history of nzb and nzb/nzw mice

The effects of daily injections of thymosin, bovine fraction V, on the natural history of NZB and NZB/NZW F₁ mice were investigated. With the use of several dose schedules, no significant differences were discovered in treated versus control groups when survival, autoantibodies, and mitogen responsiveness were compared. These results provide further evidence that thymosin may have little or no role in the treatment of the autoimmune disease of New Zealand mice. More encouraging research in thymic extracts and their measurement is necessary before clinical trials in SLE are considered.     

Roland Kuhn—100th Birthday of an Innovator of Clinical Psychopharmacology

On the occasion of his 100th birthday this letter is to pay tribute to Swiss psychiatrist and psychopharmacologist Roland Kuhn (1912–2005), who established the antidepressant effects of imipramine starting in 1956. Since until now only monoaminergic-based antidepressants such as this substance found their way into psychopharmacological therapy, one can say that Kuhn established the lead antidepressant substance and has hence fundamentally changed clinical psychiatry and care for the mentally ill.     

qMRI relaxometry of mandibular bone marrow: A monomodal distribution in sickle cell disease

Purpose:

To identify and characterize sickle cell disease (SCD)‐related changes in the composition of mandibular bone marrow using qMRI relaxometry histograms.

Materials and Methods:

Thirteen SCD patients and 17 controls underwent brain MR imaging with the mixed turbo spin‐echo (TSE) pulse sequence at 1.5T. The mandible was manually segmented and divided into body, angle, ramus, and condyle. T1 and T2 histograms of each mandible were modeled with Gaussian functions. The relaxation time histogram peaks were calculated, and the number of monomodal versus bimodal curves was compared.

Results:

SCD patients exhibited monomodal distributions on both T1 and T2 histograms, consistent with a composition of predominantly red hematopoietic marrow. Eighty‐eight percent of mandibles in control subjects exhibited a bimodal distribution in T1 and all showed a bimodal distribution in T2, indicating mixed but predominantly yellow marrow composition. The second peak in control subjects was shorter in T1 and longer in T2, consistent with yellow marrow composition.

Conclusion:

Instead of physiological fatty replacement, SCD patients exhibit red marrow persistence in the mandible, likely due to the increased demand for hematopoiesis. This phenomenon can be manifested by a monomodal curve in both T1 and T2 relaxometric histograms. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1182–1188. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

氯仿重结晶棉酚的质量研究

报道了氯仿重结晶的棉酚的化学性质,样品在不同温度下干燥恒重后,经熔点、薄层层析、紫外光谱、红外光谱、X-射线衍射、热重量分析、元素(C,H,Cl)分析及棉酚合量测定等一系列的分析,确证了在60℃以下棉酚与氯仿成溶剂化物(solvate)。随着干燥温度的升高或在室温长时间的贮存,此现象逐渐消失,100℃真空干燥恒重后成为纯棉酚。     

Results of randomized controlled trials of low-versus high-osmolality contrast media

The authors reviewed 100 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in humans to compare safety or efficacy of new low-osmolality contrast media (LOM) with that of high-osmolality contrast media (HOM). Findings of the 43 RCTs judged to be of the highest quality suggest that the efficacy of LOM in imaging is equal or superior to that of HOM for all routes of administration. Heat sensation occurred less often with LOM for all routes and pain occurred less often with LOM for intraarterial routes. No differences were seen in nephrotoxicity or in frequency of nausea, vomiting, urticaria, bronchospasm, laboratory test abnormalities, or neurologic events. Greater cardiovascular changes were seen with HOM, including increased or decreased heart rate, increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, decreased systolic pressure, and QT prolongation, depending on route of administration. To demonstrate whether a reduction in clinically significant adverse outcomes truly occurs with LOM, trials will need to enlist larger numbers of patients and employ appropriate outcome measures. Future trials should stratify patients according to their risk of adverse reactions to provide better information about benefits of LOM in low- versus high-risk patients.