Preliminary characterization of ribosomes of Entamoeba invadens

The ribosomes of Entamoeba invadens trophozoites have sedimentation coefficients of 77, 53 and 36 S. Most of the ribosomal proteins are basic and their one- and two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns differ from the corresponding patterns of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two dozen bands were observed in the 10 000 to 100 000 molecular weight range following sodium dodecylsulfate-gel electrophoresis of amoebal ribosomal proteins. Long, thin pronase-sensitive structures were seen in electron micrographs of E. invadens ribosomal preparations.     

A Study of the Growth Patterns of Breast Carcinoma Using 3D Reconstruction: A Pilot Study

Lumpectomy with microscopically clear margins is a safe and effective approach for surgical management of breast carcinoma. Margins are positive for tumor in 18–50% of lumpectomies, as it is not possible to accurately determine the shape or microscopic borders of a tumor preoperatively or intraoperatively. We examined the 3D microanatomy and growth patterns of common breast carcinoma subtypes to provide guidance for lumpectomy surgery. Prospective consent was obtained for the use of excess tissue from patients undergoing lumpectomy or mastectomy for breast carcinoma. Tissue blocks from nine breast carcinomas were serially sectioned. Hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides at 100 μm intervals were scanned using a Nanozoomer (Hamamatsu, Japan) microscopic‐resolution scanner. Three‐dimensional reconstructions of tumors were created from scanned images using Reconstruct, open‐access software. Breast carcinoma subtypes demonstrated characteristic growth patterns within breast tissue, which may have implications for lumpectomy surgery. Invasive ductal carcinomas showed a spherical shape, with a spiculated surface representing tumor cells infiltrating into surrounding parenchyma. Ductal carcinoma in situ appeared to spread along the duct system, creating dilated, tortuous, tumor‐filled ducts. The invasive lobular carcinomas examined had a haphazard, linear, infiltrative growth pattern, different from the shape seen in ductal carcinomas. Our preliminary work suggests that invasive ductal and invasive lobular carcinomas appear to have distinct growth patterns in three dimensions and ductal carcinoma in situ appears to grow in a linear fashion along the duct network. The microanatomy studies described have the potential to guide refinements in breast lumpectomy technique.     

右美托咪定用于腹腔镜子宫切除术的效果探讨

目的探讨右美托咪定用于腹腔镜子宫切除术全麻维持的效果。方法选取该院进行腹腔镜子宫切除术患者100例,随机分为两组,研究组气管插管后静脉泵注右美托咪定;对照组不使用右美托咪定。结果研究组的自主呼吸恢复时间、气管导管拔出时间、术后清醒时间优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论右美托咪定静脉泵注用于全麻维持可缩短患者的全麻复苏时间,效果显著。     

60家医院创建无烟医院对医生控烟知识态度行为的影响

目的：通过创建无烟医院活动,了解医生的吸烟状况和控烟知识、态度与行为,并对干预效果进行评价。方法：在北京、上海、广州选择60家医院创建无烟医院,对全院医生开展控烟干预,在干预前对19580名医生、干预后对20772名医生进行问卷调查,了解医生的吸烟状况和控烟知识、态度与行为的变化。结果：通过一年的控烟干预,医生吸烟率由...     

经关节入路微创钢板固定技术治疗股骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨经关节入路微创钢板固定(MIPPO)技术治疗股骨远端C型骨折的临床疗效。方法2002年4月～2005年2月,应用MIPPO技术治疗股骨远端C型骨折14例,按AO/ASIF分类：C1型3例,C2型6例,C3型5例。先行关节内骨折切开复位、松质骨螺钉固定,再行髁上部分骨折间接复位、经关节内切口插入髁支撑钢板或LISS钢板桥接固定骨折。结果12例患者获得10～32个月(平均18．4个月)随访,骨折均获愈合,愈合时间10周～12个月,平均4．6个月。按Kolmert和Wulff的评价标准：优4例,良5例,可2例,差1例,优良率为75%。结论应用MIPPO技术治疗股骨远端C型骨折实现了微创操作,具有创伤小、软组织干扰少、骨折愈合快等优点,疗效满意。     

抗体介导的排斥反应与临床

随着器官移植体液免疫理论的发展与抗体检测技术的进步,抗体介导的排斥反应(AMR)已逐渐被认识和引起关注。其治疗难度大、逆转率较低,已成为导致移植物失功的重要原因。本文较为系统地介绍了AMR的免疫机制、诊断与防治进展,以及供者特异性抗体的检测技术和临床意义,从而提出供者特异性抗体是引起移植物排斥反应特别是慢性排斥反应的主要原因,移植受者需常规监测抗体以利及时干预和治疗。     

Criteria for the differentiation between young and old <Emphasis Type="Italic">Onchocerca volvulus</Emphasis> filariae

Drugs exist that show long-lasting inhibition of embryogenesis and microfilaria production or macrofilaricidal activity against Onchocerca volvulus. Therefore, the patients have to be followed-up for several years. Clinical drug trials have to be performed in areas with ongoing transmission to assess the efficacy on younger worms. In addition, future vaccine trials may also require demonstrating efficacy against establishment of new worms. For the evaluation of the efficacy, it is necessary to differentiate between older worms, which were exposed to the drug, and younger worms newly acquired after drug treatment or vaccination. Here, we describe criteria for the differentiation between young and old filariae based on histological studies of worms with a known age from travellers, or from children, or patients living in areas with interrupted transmission in Burkina Faso, Ghana or Uganda. Older worms were larger and presented degenerated tissues. Gomori's iron stain showed that the worms accumulated more iron with increasing age, first in the gut and later in other organs. Using an antibody against O. volvulus lysosomal aspartic protease, the gut of young worms was stained only weakly; whereas, it was stronger labelled in older worms, accompanied by additional staining of hypodermis and epithelia. Using morphological and immunohistological criteria, it was possible to differentiate young (1–3 years old) from older females and to identify young males.     

Identification and characterization of novel uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase gene mutations in a large series of porphyria cutanea tarda patients and relatives

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) arises from decreased hepatic activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD). Both genetic and environmental factors interplay in the precipitation of clinically overt PCT, but these factors may vary between different geographic areas. Decreased activity of UROD in erythrocytes was used to identify patients with UROD mutations among a group of 130 Spanish PCT patients. Nineteen patients (14.6%) were found to harbor a mutation in the UROD gene. Eight mutations were novel: M1I, 5del10, A22V, D79N, F84I, Q116X, T141I and Y182C. Five others were previously described: F46L, V134Q, R142Q, P150L and E218G. The new missense mutations and P150L were expressed in Escherichia coli. D79N and P150L resulted in proteins that were localized to inclusion bodies. The other mutations produced recombinant proteins that were purified and showed reduced activity (range: 2.3–73.2% of wild type). These single amino acid changes were predicted to produce complex structural alterations and/or reduced stability of the enzyme. Screening of relatives of the probands showed that 37.5% of mutation carriers demonstrated increased urinary porphyrins. This study emphasizes the role of UROD mutations as a strong risk factor for PCT even in areas where environmental factors (hepatitis C virus) have been shown to be highly associated with the disease.