桂西铝工业基地居民血微量元素与2型糖尿病慢性并发症关系研究

目的 探讨桂西铝工业基地居民血清铝（Al）、锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）、镁（Mg）含量与2型糖尿病（T2DM）慢性并发症的关系,分析其在T2DM慢性并发症发生、发展过程中的作用.方法 检测居住在桂西铝工业基地的初诊T2DM患者（A组）38例与T2DM并慢性并发症（B组）67例和健康成人（C组）87例的血清Al、Zn、Cr、Mg的含量,通过t检验比较两组间平均水平差异.并通过非条件多因素logistic 回归模型分析Al、Zn、Cr、Mg在T2DM慢性并发症致病过程中的作用.结果 ①与C组比较,B组Al含量均偏高,Zn、Cr、Mg含量偏低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或＜0.01）;A组和B组Zn含量比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.②与A组比较,B组的2个亚组的Zn及2型糖尿病并周围神经病变（DPN）组的Cr含量均偏低,经比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;Cr在B组的2个亚组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.③将Al、Zn、Cr、Mg纳入非条件多因素logistic回归模型进行分析,结果提示Zn、Cr可能为保护性因素.结论 桂西铝工业基地居民血清Zn、Cr水平下降可能与糖尿病并慢性周围神经病变的发生、发展有关.因此,适当补充Zn、Cr可能对防治T2DM慢性并发症有一定的效果.     

Vitamin E protects against iron-hexachlorobenzene induced porphyria and formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the liver of C57BL/10ScSn mice

The effect of vitamin E treatment on total porphyrin content, lipid peroxidation (LOOH) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was studied in the livers of C57BL/10ScSn mice following hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and iron treatment. HCB was administered i.p. (totalling 300 mg/kg) twice, with 1 week interval. Three days after the first HCB injection iron-dextran was given i.p. (500 mg Fe per kg). Vitamin E was administered weekly (20 mg/kg) by s.c. injection. Both total hepatic porphyrin and LOOH levels were significantly (P<0.001) increased in the HCB-iron treated group as compared with the control group. Mice treated additionally with vitamin E had significant (P<0.001) lower levels as compared with the HCB-iron group. Similarly, the levels of 8-OHdG were significantly (P<0.001) increased above controls after HCB-iron treatment and this increase was reduced after co-treatment with vitamin E (P<0.02). The data support the hypothesis that the mechanism of hepatic porphyrinogenicity of HCB with iron overload is an oxidative free radical process.     

HPLC法同时测定莱阳梨止咳颗粒、糖浆中的盐酸麻黄碱、绿原酸、苯甲酸的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定莱阳梨止咳颗粒、糖浆中盐酸麻黄碱、绿原酸、苯甲酸的含量。方法 Agilent C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm);流动相：乙腈-0.4%磷酸,梯度洗脱;检测波长：选用210 nm(盐酸麻黄碱)、327 nm(绿原酸)、230 nm(苯甲酸);柱温：30℃;流速：1 mL·min^-1,进样量10μL。结果 盐酸麻黄碱、绿原酸、苯甲酸的含量浓度分别在0.062 2～0.622 3、0.011 6～0.115 9、0.212 3～5.307 5(莱阳梨止咳颗粒)、1.061 5～6.369 0(莱阳梨止咳口服液)μg·mL^-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9、1.000 0、1.000 0、0.999 9);莱阳梨止咳颗粒平均加样回收率分别为97.85%、95.32%、96.62%(n=6);莱阳梨止咳糖浆平均加样回收率分别为94.19%、95.24%、97.74%(n=6)。结论 所建立的测定方法简便、准确、重复性好、专属性强,可同时测定莱阳梨止咳颗粒、糖浆中的...     

A Thirty-year Review of Vulvar Cancer in Jamaica, 1978 to 2007

Objective

To evaluate the trends in vulvar cancer between 1978 and 2007 in Kingston and St Andrew, Jamaica, with respect to age-standardized rates and histologic types.

Methods

All cases of vulvar cancer recorded in the Jamaica Cancer Registry from 1978 to 2007 were extracted and analysed for age distribution and histologic type.

Results

There were 78 cases (one person of unknown age) of vulvar cancer recorded over the 30-year period. Sixty per cent of the affected patients were between 50 and 80 years old. The most common histologic type of vulvar malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma (82%). There was a decline in age-standardized incidence rates of both vulvar cancers overall and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma over the 30-year period.

Conclusion

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common vulvar malignancy in the Jamaican population, and affects primarily older women. Despite high prevalence rates of high-risk human papillomavirus infection, no increase in the age-standardized incidence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma was identified.     

Changes in knowledge of diabetes guidelines during internal medicine residency training

We assessed the impact of residency training on knowledge of diabetes guidelines and found that knowledge of diagnosis and management of diabetes changes modestly during internal medicine residency training. Knowledge improved only between the first and second year of training, and significant gaps in knowledge remained among senior residents.     

Human Fallopian tube epithelial cell co-culture increases fertilization rates in male factor infertility but not in tubal or unexplained infertility

In order to investigate the effect of human Fallopian tube epithelial cell co-culture on fertilization and cleavage rates in tubal, male and unexplained infertility, oocytes collected from 91 patients were randomized to wells containing Fallopian tube epithelial cell monolayers or conventional culture medium, and inseminated with spermatozoa. Fertilization and cleavage were assessed at 18 and 52 h, respectively. Co-culture significantly increased the fertilization rates over the control values in male infertility (41.67 versus 23.43%, P = 0.00005), but not in tubal infertility (69.33 versus 67.93%) or unexplained infertility (65.93 versus 54.36%). Cleavage rates were not different in co-culture and conventional in-vitro fertilization systems in any of the infertility subgroups. The number of blastomeres was significantly higher in the co-culture group on the day of embryo transfer (3.63 +/- 1.12 versus 3.04 +/- 1.26, P < 0.001). Pregnancy rates were similar in all infertility subgroups. There was no significant association between the number of co-cultured embryos transferred and the pregnancy, abortion and multiple pregnancy rates. It was concluded that human Fallopian tube epithelial cell co-culture clearly improves fertilization rates in male infertility but not in tubal or unexplained infertility. Improved fertilization rates in co- culture may be due to positive effect of co-culture on impaired sperm function.      

IL-8 inhibits isoproterenol-stimulated ciliary beat frequency in bovine bronchial epithelial cells.

Mucociliary clearance is a critical host defense that protects the lung. The mechanisms by which mucociliary function is altered by inflammation are poorly defined. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke decreases ciliary beating and interferes with proper airway clearance. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from smokers and ex-smokers has increased amounts of IL-8, which has played a critical role in airway inflammation. We hypothesized that IL-8 might interfere with stimulated ciliary beating in airway epithelium. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated bovine ciliated bronchial epithelial cells (BBECs) with a known activator of ciliary beat frequency (CBF), isoproterenol (ISO; 100 microM), in the presence or absence of IL-8 (100 pg/mL). We measured CBF digitally using the Sisson-Ammons Video Analysis (SAVA) system. CBF increased in untreated cells exposed to ISO (approximately 3 Hz) over baseline. In contrast, cells pre-incubated with IL-8 failed to respond to ISO. Pretreatment with IL-8 also blocked ISO-stimulated cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA) activation, which is known to control ISO-stimulated CBF. In addition, IL-8 pretreated cells revealed a marked decrease in PKA activity when cells were stimulated with forskolin (FSK; 10 microM). Cells were assayed specifically for cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. ISO-stimulated cells demonstrated an increase in PDE activity as compared to control. Pretreatment with IL-8 had no effect on ISO-stimulated PDE activity. Collectively, these data suggest that IL-8 appears to mediate its effect at the level of adenylyl cyclase. It is also possible that IL-8 may not only act as a chemotactic agent, but also as a potential autocrine/paracrine inhibitor of PKA-mediated stimulation of ciliary motility. In conclusion, IL-8 inhibits beta-agonist dependent ciliostimulation and such inhibition of stimulated ciliary activity may contribute to the impaired mucociliary clearance seen in airway diseases. Furthermore, since IL-8 levels are increased in the airway of cigarette smokers, it is likely they may be more resistant to the cilio and muco-ciliostimulating effects of beta-agonists.