乙吗噻嗪胃内滞留漂浮型缓释片的研究

研制了乙吗噻嗪胃内滞留漂浮型缓释片剂(E-HBS)。实验结果表明:本品的体外溶出符合一级动力学过程(Kr=0.2436h^-1);人体胃内γ-闪烁照像显示E-HBS在胃内滞留时间长达6h以上,明显长于市售普通片(ECT1～1.5h);血药浓度经时曲线平缓持久,达到良好的缓释效果;体内外实验数据有显著的相关性(P<0.01)。     

Papaveretum infusions in infants under 6 months of age

The effectiveness of a continuous low dose papaveretum infusion for the relief of postoperative pain was assessed in 29 infants aged 1-6 months nursed on the infant surgical ward following major abdominal surgery. Trained nursing staff were able to adjust the dosage within prescribed guidelines and satisfactory analgesia was obtained with a regimen which delivered up to 0.0375 mg/kg/hour, approximately half the dose recommended in children older than 12 months. There was one case of clinically significant respiratory depression.     

Gastrointestinal teratomas: CT and US appearance with pathologic correlation

Gastrointestinal teratomas are uncommon, benign neoplasms that occur primarily in children. A retrospective review of five cases (two gastric, one pancreatic, one mesenteric, and one in the lesser omentum) is presented with emphasis on the computed tomographic and ultrasonographic appearances. Principal findings are a well-defined mass with separate cystic and solid components of varying proportions, discrete areas with densities similar to that of fat, or coarse, globular calcifications within the solid component. Recognition of these findings may allow the radiologist to make a correct preoperative diagnosis of teratoma.     

The community mental health nurse: a new professional role

This review of recent literature explores the similarities and differences between the work of community psychiatric nurses and their mental handicap counterparts. The comparisons which have been made between groups of nurses are related to the authors own research studies. These included an observations study of one community mental handicap nursing team and a national survey of all such teams in England and Wales. The importance of trade union membership, the place of the Community Psychiatric Nursing Association and the implication of joint training courses are discussed. The emergence of a new professional role that of the 'community mental health nurse' is discussed and the implications which this might have for the future organization of community psychiatric nursing services is outlined.     

Sense of coherence among elderly somatic patients: predictive power regarding future needs of care

The main aim was to study the predictive power of sense of coherence regarding future needs of care among elderly patients evaluated as medically ready for discharge from somatic emergency care. A secondary aim was to study the consistency of sense of coherence over time among patients with this kind of experience. The sample consisted of 53 Swedish patients (mean age 82.8 years, SD = 6.6 years) who had completed their medical treatment at surgical or orthopaedic departments. The predominant diagnosis was lower limb fractures. Sense of coherence was assessed twice, on the day the patient was evaluated as medically ready for discharge and 1 month later. On the second assessment occasion, 28 patients had returned to their homes, 17 were staying at institutions, and eight had died. Patients who returned to their homes reported the strongest sense of coherence while still in hospital. Patients who were staying at institutions scored lowest on the overall sense of coherence scale and on the comprehensibility subscale. Patients who died before the second measurement occasion scored lowest on the meaningfulness subscale. A correlation of 0.51 was noted between the two assessments of sense of coherence, indicating a moderate temporal consistency.     

Causes, management and morbidity of acute hypoglycaemia in adults requiring hospital admission

In the community, acute hypoglycaemia is commonly caused by therapies for diabetes mellitus or the excessive consumption of alcohol. Although most episodes do not require admission to hospital, little information is available on the causes and outcome of those that do. We retrospectively surveyed adult patients admitted to a large urban teaching hospital with acute hypoglycaemia in a 12-month period, identifying 56 admissions of 51 patients. Forty-one had diabetes mellitus, 33 (80%) of whom were receiving treatment with insulin. The others had hypoglycaemia induced by excessive consumption of alcohol or by deliberate self-poisoning with insulin. A history of psychiatric illness and/or chronic alcoholism was common. Neurological manifestations of hypoglycaemia were the principal reason for admission, observed on 50 occasions (89%), and 11 events (20%) had precipitated convulsions. Although many patients (59%) had received treatment for hypoglycaemia before admission, hypoglycaemia recurred in 16% of patients in hospital. Four patients (7%) died following admission, but in only one case was this the direct result of hypoglycaemia. However, within 15 months of the index hypoglycaemia event, a further six patients (11%) had died, mostly of causes unrelated to hypoglycaemia. Patients who require hospital admission for treatment of hypoglycaemia have a high incidence of neurological manifestations, a high rate of mental illness and other medical disorders, and may represent a high-risk subgroup with a poor long-term prognosis.