Telemedicine for Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Muscular Dystrophy: A multidisciplinary approach to improve quality of life and reduce hospitalization rate?

Background

Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by a variable and asymmetric involvement of facial, trunk, upper and lower extremity muscles. Although respiratory weakness is a relatively unknown feature of FSHD, it is not rare. Telemedicine has been used in a variety of health care fields, but only recently, with the advent of sophisticated technology, its interest among health professionals became evident, even in such diseases.

Use of a case-mix approach to study the trends in the incidence of second primary cancers

Purpose

To analyze trends in second primary cancer (SPC) incidence by using a case-mix approach to standardize on first cancer site distribution.

Diagnosis and treatment of atypical odontalgia: a review of the literature and two case reports

AIM: This report presents two cases diagnosed with atypical odontalgia (AO) and successfully treated with amitriptyline as well as providing a review of the current literature on the subject. RESULTS: The literature indicates the most important issue is an accurate differential diagnosis to distinguish between AO, pulpal pain, myofascial pain, and trigeminal neuralgia. CONCLUSION: Once the correct diagnosis is made the prognosis of AO is usually fair and the administration of tricyclic antidepressants often resolves symptoms. An effort should be made to avoid any unnecessary dental treatment that would only aggravate the problem.     

Daily Use,Especially of High-Potency Cannabis,Drives the Earlier Onset of Psychosis in Cannabis Users

Cannabis use is associated with an earlier age of onset of psychosis (AOP). However, the reasons for this remain debated. Methods: We applied a Cox proportional hazards model to 410 first-episode psychosis patients to investigate the association between gender, patterns of cannabis use, and AOP. Results: Patients with a history of cannabis use presented with their first episode of psychosis at a younger age (mean years = 28.2, SD = 8.0; median years = 27.1) than those who never used cannabis (mean years = 31.4, SD = 9.9; median years = 30.0; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.16–1.74; P < .001). This association remained significant after controlling for gender (HR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11–1.68; P < .001). Those who had started cannabis at age 15 or younger had an earlier onset of psychosis (mean years = 27.0, SD = 6.2; median years = 26.9) than those who had started after 15 years (mean years = 29.1, SD = 8.5; median years = 27.8; HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.06–1.84; P = .050). Importantly, subjects who had been using high-potency cannabis (skunk-type) every day had the earliest onset (mean years = 25.2, SD = 6.3; median years = 24.6) compared to never users among all the groups tested (HR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.50- 2.65; P < .0001); these daily users of high-potency cannabis had an onset an average of 6 years earlier than that of non-cannabis users. Conclusions: Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users.Key words: psychotic disorders, age of onset, gender, cannabis, survival plots, drug use, high-potency cannabis     

Shiga Toxin Promotes Podocyte Injury in Experimental Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome via Activation of the Alternative Pathway of Complement

Shiga toxin (Stx)–producing Escherichia coli is the offending agent of postdiarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a disorder of glomerular ischemic damage and widespread microvascular thrombosis. We previously documented that Stx induces glomerular complement activation, generating C3a responsible for microvascular thrombosis in experimental HUS. Here, we show that the presence of C3 deposits on podocytes is associated with podocyte damage and loss in HUS mice generated by the coinjection of Stx2 and LPS. Because podocyte adhesion to the glomerular basement membrane is mediated by integrins, the relevance of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signals in podocyte dysfunction was evaluated. Podocyte expression of ILK increased after the injection of Stx2/LPS and preceded the upregulation of Snail and downregulation of nephrin and α-actinin-4. Factor B deficiency or pretreatment with an inhibitory antibody to factor B protected mice against Stx2/LPS-induced podocyte dysregulation. Similarly, pretreatment with a C3a receptor antagonist limited podocyte loss and changes in ILK, Snail, and α-actinin-4 expression. In cultured podocytes, treatment with C3a reduced α-actinin-4 expression and promoted ILK-dependent nuclear expression of Snail and cell motility. These results suggest that Stx-induced activation of the alternative pathway of complement and generation of C3a promotes ILK signaling, leading to podocyte dysfunction and loss in Stx-HUS.     

Laparoscopic-Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Transgastrostomy Jejunostomy

Background and Objectives:

New therapeutic protocols for patients with end-stage Parkinson disease include a carbidopa/levodopa combination using continuous, modulated enteral administration via a portable pump. The typical approach involves a percutaneous endoscopic transgastrostomy jejunostomy (PEG-J), which requires a combination of procedures designed to ensure that no organ is interposed between the abdominal wall and the gastric surface. Lack of transillumination in maximal endoscopic light settings is a major contraindication for PEG-J, and we decided to use a different approach to establish enteric access for long-term medication delivery via pump, using a minimally invasive procedure.

Methods:

In all patients, we performed a laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous transgastrostomy jejunostomy (LAPEG-J) after an unsuccessful endoscopic transillumination.

Results:

Five patients with end-stage Parkinson disease were referred to our department after successful therapeutic testing with administration of levodopa/carbidopa via naso-jejunal tube. All patients failed the endoscopic transillumination during the endoscopic procedure and were considered for LAPEG-J. In all patients, the LAPEG-J procedure was uneventful. The most common reason identified for failed transillumination was a high position of the stomach, followed by interposition of the liver or colon between the stomach and anterior abdominal wall. There were no complications regarding the LAPEG-J procedure, and all patients were discharged during the second postprocedural day.

Conclusions:

LAPEG-J provides a simple and safe option for placing a jejunostomy after an unsuccessful PEG-J attempt.